CIVIL RIGHTS MOVMENT POWERPOINT

1. CIVIL RIGHTS MOVMENT POWERPOINT BY, ADRIAN ESCAMILLA

2. CIVIL RIGHT MOVEMENT • Period of time from 1955-1968, which was marked by African American people trying to earn equality among whites. • Outlawing racial discrimination • Restoring voting rights • Organizations involved: • National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) • Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) • Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) • Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

3. CIVIL RIGHT MOVEMENT • The movement was not only about changing civil rights under the law but also worked to change people’s view on freedom, respect, dignity , social & economic equality • Civil rights leaders tried to create change using non-violence • Protests • Boycotts – Montgomery Bus Boycott • Marches – March on Washington, D.C.

4. CIVIL RIGHTS LAWS • Several major acts of legislation resulted from the civil rights movement • Brown vs. Board of Education (1954) Overturned Plessy vs. Ferguson • Civil Rights Acts of 1964 Banned discrimination based on "race, color, religion, or national origin" in employment practices and public accommodations • Voting Rights Acts of 1965 Restored and protected voting rights

5. BROWN vs. BOARD OF EDUCATION • The case of Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896) had established a “separate but equal” environment. • Blacks could go to school but only in black schools (segregation) • Linda Brown, a black student in Kansas, was not allowed at her school because of her race. • The case was taken to the Supreme Court and tried by Thurgood Marshall., chief counsel for the NAACP • The Court ruled on May 17, 1954 that schools were violating the Fourteenth Amendment, that stated that states should provides equal protection under the law.

6. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT • A landmark piece of legislation that outlawed major forms of discrimination against blacks and women, • Racial segregation in the workplace and public places (restaurants) • Unequal application of voter registration requirements • Racial segregation in schools • Originated by President JohnF. Kennedy in his civil rights speech of June 11, 1963, he asked that all Americans to be treated equal in public facilities. • Kennedy was assassinated before the bill was passed on November 27, 1963 by President, Lyndon Johnson.

7. VOTING RIGHTS ACT A landmark piece of legislation that outlawed discriminatory voting practices on May 16, 1965. Based on the Fifteenth Amendment, the act prohibits states from making pre-qualifications in order to vote, such as a literacy test Established extensive federal oversight of elections administration, providing that states with a history of discriminatory voting practices could not make changes unless approved by the Department of Justice.

8. CIVIL RIGHTS PIONEERS • Rosa Parks • December 1, 1955, she refused to give up her seat in the “colored section” on a Montgomery, Alabama bus to a white passenger when the bus was overcrowded and was arrested. • After hearing about the incident, Martin Luther King Jr. lead the Montgomery Bus Boycott, which lasted for over a year and led to the desegregation of buses on December 21, 1956 • Martin Luther King Jr. • Best known for how he lead the Civil Rights Movement through civil disobedience"Non-violence is a powerful and just weapon which cuts without wounding and ennobles the man who wields it." • Led the Southern Christian Leadership Conference • Famous for his “I Have a Dream Speech” given at the March on Washington

9. CIVIL RIGHTS PIONEERS • Thurgood Marshall • Chief Counsel for the NAACP , 1938-1961, arguing more than 30 cases • Served as the attorney on the Brown vs. Board of Education case, which led to wide scale desegregation • First African American to win a case before the Supreme Court • First African American Supreme Court Justice, 1967-1971, appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson

10. THE KENNEDY’S • John F. Kennedy was not widely known for his civil rights involvement, especially during the Cuban Missile Crisis in1962; • Initiated the Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Appointed several African Americans to federal positions • Supported the Freedom Riders, activists who rode on interstate buses to promote desegregation of bus lines (1960) • Appointed his brother, Robert Kennedy, to Attorney General, to aid in the enforcement of civil rights legislation • Assigned federal marshals to protect James Meredith, a black man, who wanted attend the all-white school, University of Mississippi

11. THE KENNEDY’S • Robert Kennedy • Appointed by John F. Kennedy in 1961to Attorney General and enforced civil rights legislation “We will not stand by or be aloof. We will move. I happen to believe that the 1954 Supreme Court desegregation decision was right. But my belief does not matter. It is the law. Some of you may believe the decision was wrong. That does not matter. It is the law.”

12. VIETNAM WAR & CIVIL RIGHTS Vietnam was America’s first racially integrated war African Americans were fighting for the freedom against oppressed people and thought if they defended democracy there then they may have more rights when they got back home

13. March on Washington • Took place on August 28, 1963 in Washington D.C. • Largest demonstration in the nation’s capital with television coverage with an estimated quarter of a million people in attendance (a quarter of those were white) • March was the culmination of attacks on protesters in Birmingham Alabama that involved fire hoses and attack dogs, which led to nationwide protests • Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested during these protests and wrote his famous “Letter from the Birmingham City Jail”

14. March on Washington • Organized by the “Big Six”, who were civil rights advocates: • John Farmer – Congress of Racial Equality • Martin Luther King Jr. – Southern Christian Leadership Conference • John Lewis – Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee • A. Philip Randolph – Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters • Roy Wilkins – National Association for the Advancement of Colored People • Whitney Young Jr. – National Urban League • Opponents to the March • Ku-Klux-Klan – strongly opposed equal rights for blacks • Malcolm x & the Nation of Islam – Believed that peaceful demonstrations were not effective

15. March on Washington • Some of the demands of the March: • Desegregation in public schools • Demonstrators rights • Job creation • Laws advo9cating the equality in job hiring • $2 an hour minimum wage • Creating of a governing body for the District of Columbia, which was largely represented by African Americans • Some noteworthy speakers/performers • Bob Dylan – rock singer • Mahalia Jackson- gospel singer • Charlton Heston, Sammy Davis Jr., Marlon Brando – actors • Important religious leaders • Josephone Baker – introduced speech of “Negro Women Fighters for Freedom” including Rosa Parks

16. March on Washington • Major speeches given by John Lewis & Martin Luther King Jr. • John Lewis – wanted a more radical approach to civil rights “We cannot be patient, we do not want to be free gradually, we want our freedom, and we want it now.” • Martin Luther King Jr. – wanted a peaceful approach to civil rights equality “I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal” “We will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, "Free at last, free at last. Thank God Almighty, we are free at last.“

17. SOURCES http://www.urbanhabitat.org/node/945 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1955%E2%80%931968) http://www.infoplease.com/spot/bhmheroes1.html