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Nationalism

Nationalism. Chapter 8 Section 3. Bell work. What is nationalism? What is a nation-state? Page 253. 3 types of nationalist movements. Unification Separation State-Building. unification. Merger of politically divided, but culturally similar lands

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Nationalism

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  1. Nationalism Chapter 8 Section 3

  2. Bell work • What is nationalism? • What is a nation-state? • Page 253

  3. 3 types of nationalist movements • Unification • Separation • State-Building

  4. unification • Merger of politically divided, but culturally similar lands • Examples: 19th Century Germany and 19th Century Italy

  5. separation • Culturally distinct group resists being added to a state or tries to break away • Examples: Greeks in the Ottoman Empire and French-speaking Canadians

  6. State-building • Culturally distinct groups form into a new state by accepting a single culture • Examples: United States and Turkey

  7. Nationalism • Nationalism in the 1800s made new countries and broke up old ones • Lets talk about the fall of the old empires, shall we? • We shall • I hope you didn’t copy this slide

  8. Easy notes • Turn your paper “hamburger” style. • Divide your paper into 3 columns. • What were the 3 Empires that fell to nationalist movements? • LOOK IT UP, DUH!!!! • Title each column with a name of one of the empires.

  9. Austrian Empire

  10. Austrian empire • Ruled by Hapsburgs • Included Slovenes, Hungarians, Germans, Czechs, Slavaks, Croats, Poles, Serbs, and Italians • 1866 Austro-Prussian War…Prussia wins • The North German Confederation was formed between Prussia and 21 smaller German states

  11. Austrian empire cont… • Emperor Francis Joseph split his empire in half calling it the Austro-Hungarian Empire • He ruled both Austria and Hungary • Nationalist disputes continued for years • After WWI Austria-Hungary broke up into several nation-states • Emperor Francis Joseph

  12. Russian empire

  13. Russian empire • Ruled by Romanovs • Controlled by Czars for 370 years • Included Ukrainians, Jews, Poles, Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, Finns, Romanians, Georgians, Armenians, Turks, and other smaller populations • Each group had its own culture

  14. Russian empire cont… • Romanov Dynasty was determined to keep control and instituted a new policy • Russification • Forcing Russian culture on all ethnic groups in the empire • Policy created resentment and strengthened nationalist feelings • Last Romanov Czar lost power in 1917 • Czar Alexander III

  15. Ottoman empire

  16. Ottoman Empire • Ruled by Turks • Included: Greeks, Slavs, Arabs, Bulgarians, and Armenians • 1856 Ottomans were pressured into granting equal citizenship to all peoples under their rule • Conservative Turks wanted no change and were angered by the measure, which caused great tension in the empire

  17. Ottoman empire cont… • Nationalist movements in Armenia prompted Ottomans to massacre and deport Armenians from 1894-1896 and again in 1915 • The empire broke apart after WWI

  18. Unification of Italy • 1858-1870 • Italians weren’t content to live under foreign rulers • The Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia was the most powerful of Italy and Italian nationalists looked at them for leadership. • Sardinia’s Prime Minister to the King, Camillo di Cavour worked to gain control of Northern Italy • Cavour was successful and gained all of Northern Italy except for Venetia (Venice)

  19. Unification of Italy • Cavour united Northern Italy while secretly helping other nationalists in the south. • Giuseppe Garibaldi (and the Red Shirts) led the fight in the south • Garibaldi agreed to unite his conquered areas in the south with the kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, he stepped aside and let the Sardinian King rule. • 1866 the Austrian Province of Venetia (Venice) became part of Italy

  20. Unification of Italy • 1870 Italian forces took over the last parts of Italy (the Papal States, including Rome) • Rome became the capital of Italy • Vatican City (located in Rome) was left under the control of the Pope

  21. Unification of Germany • 1815, 39 German states formed the German Confederation dominated by the Austrian Empire • Prussia wanted to unify all German states • Prussia was mainly German so it was unified by nationalism • Prussia had the most powerful army in central Europe

  22. Unification of Germany • 1861 Wilhelm I succeeded Frederick William to the throne • The liberal parliament refused to grant him money to increase military power • He felt that parliament challenged his authority and he was supported by Junkers • Junkers were conservative members of the wealthy landowning class • 1862 Wilhelm I appointed a Junker named Otto Von Bismark as his Prime Minister

  23. Unification of Germany • Bismark was a master of realpolitik (politics of reality) • Tough power politics with no room for idealism • Bismark ignored Parliament and the Constitution • Ruled and spent money without their consent • 1864 Prussia and Austria formed an alliance and went to war with Denmark to win two border provinces, Schleswig and Holstein • Prussia controlled Schleswig and Austria controlled Holstein

  24. Unification of Germany • Bismark stirred up border conflicts with Austria over Schleswig and Holstein • Austria declared war on Prussia in 1866 known as the “Seven Weeks War” • Prussians humiliated the Austrians • Austrians lost Venetia and it was given to Italy • Prussia took control of North Germany, uniting its Eastern and Western Kingdoms for the 1st time

  25. Unification of Germany • 1867, only a few southern German states remained independent • They were Catholic and resisted takeover by Protestant Prussians • Bismark believed he could gain southern support if they faced an outside threat (i.e. War with France) • Bismark provoked a war with France • Hunger forced Parisians to surrender • Franco-Prussian War was the final stage of German Unification

  26. Unification of Germany • Jan.18, 1871 King Wilhelm I of Prussia became Kaiser of the Second Reich (German Empire) • 1st Reich was the Holy Roman Empire • 1815 Congress of Vienna made the Great Powers of Europe equal • Britain, France, Austria, Prussia, and Russia • Prussia’s power greatly increased and joined the other states to form Germany • 1871 Britain and Germany were the most powerful

  27. Exit Slip 1. All of the empires were weakened during the second half of the 19th Century except a. Russian b. Austrian c. Prussia d. Ottoman 2. Count Cavour’s nation of ______ led the way in the quest to unify Italy. a. Sicily b. Sardinia c. Venetia d. Lombardy 3. He was Germany’s “Blood & Iron” Prime Minister most responsible for Germany’s unification? a. Bismarck b. von Moltke c. Garibaldi d. Himmler 4. After Prussia’s smashing defeat of _______ in 1871 Germany became unified. a. Russia b. Austria c. France d. Denmark

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