Democratic-Republicans Liberty only safe if “ordinary” citizens participated

1. Democratic-Republicans • Liberty only safe if “ordinary” citizens participated • Limited central gov’t—more • Policies favored farmers, urban workers • Federalists • Supported representative government • Wanted strong central government • Policies favored businesses

2. * •John Adams – Federalist -Defeated in 1800 by Thomas Jefferson who was a Democratic-Republican •Day of inauguration of President, power passed peacefully from one political party to another --Important evidence that, in U.S., the democratic process worked

3. 1824 – Andrew Jackson • Renamed “Democratic-Republicans” to just Democrats • Same party we know today

4. *After war of 1812… •Federalist party was is state of disorder •Opposition to Democrats were Whigs In 1850s, •Whigs joined up with Free Soil Party -FSP later known as Republican party -Abraham Lincoln –first Republican President

5. Economic Growth 1.0 Growth of Industry A. New Englanders created new farmland cut down trees •caused problems w/erosion • Americans – more self-sufficient •prior to 1800--worked in homes to make cloth/other goods • British inventors – made machines to improve cloth making •machines installed in mills [rise of textile industry]

6. Economic Growth cont’d • Industrial Revolution •1800 – in U. S. •People work in mills instead of homes •NE – centerpiece for industrial growth •depended on new technology [define] -includes invention of new machines [power weaving loom]

7. E. Capitalism •economic system •enables people to put “capital” or $$ into a business in hopes of making a profit

8. Economic Growth • Free enterprise •system where people are free to buy, sell, what they wish •businesses compete with other businesses

9. 2.0 Plantations • Plantations were large estates, some covering several thousand acres • Plantation owners measured wealth by -# of slaves -comfortable farmhouses -@12% of Southern population had more than half of slaves

10. Plantations Continued C. Some free African Americans also had enslaved workers -most of them purchased own family members in order to free them • Plantations had fixed costs: “regular” expenses [housing, food for workers, maintenance of cotton gins] -These prices remained the same [“fixed”] -However, cotton prices changed from season to season

11. Plantations E. Planters sold cotton in cities to get best prices -New Orleans -Charleston -Mobile -Savannah •These trade centers important to cotton economy

12. Plantations • Credit [form of a loan] given by cotton agents [traders of cotton] who would hold onto cotton for several months—waiting for prices rise G. Plantation wives -responsible for watching over household slaves [includes taking care of them when ill] -accountants -supervised the plantations’ buildings, fruit & veggie gardens

13. Plantations, cont’d H. Large plantations—larger diversification of job -domestic servants - blacksmiths -carpenters - shoemakers - weavers - others took care of livestock - most, however, worked the fields [including planting/harvesting crops] •Workers supervised by overseer [plant manager, supervisor]