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Gasification Technology for Brown Coal Power Generation

Gasification Technology for Brown Coal Power Generation. Terry Johnson HRL Developments Pty Ltd. APP Brown Coal Best Practice Workshop Melbourne, June 2008. Issues for Brown Coal Power. Brown coal in Latrobe Valley: Large resource (>100,000 Mt)

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Gasification Technology for Brown Coal Power Generation

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  1. Gasification Technology for Brown Coal Power Generation Terry Johnson HRL Developments Pty Ltd APP Brown Coal Best Practice Workshop Melbourne, June 2008

  2. Issues for Brown Coal Power • Brown coal in Latrobe Valley: • Large resource (>100,000 Mt) • Low level of impurities (ash <4%, sulphur <0.5%) • Low cost (<$0.60 per GJ) • Low emissions of pollutants (NOx, SOx, trace elements) • BUT • High moisture content (60+%), leads to • Low efficiency, down by ~20% c.f. black coal • High CO2 emissions, up by ~20% c.f. black coal • Hence need for new lower CO2 emissions technologies such as gasification combined cycle

  3. Current Latrobe Valley Steam Cycle Technology Energy used to evaporate coal moisture is lost as steam in the flue gas  chimney.

  4. Efficiency Improvement - Drying Efficient coal pre-drying - reduced moisture gives higher efficiency and lower CO2

  5. Types of Coal Gasifiers • Fluidised bed: suitable for high reactivity coals - operates at low temperature (800-900 degC), dry ash removal, can be air blown • Entrained flow: suitable for lower reactivity coals - operates at high temperature, molten ash removal, usually O2 blown

  6. IDGCC – Future for Brown Coal • IDGCC is a technology that supports the future of brown coal in a carbon-constrained world: • Increased efficiency and 30% lower CO2 emissions than current best Latrobe Valley • Lower cost of electricity production • Lower water consumption, 50% of steam cycle plant • Potential for v. low CO2 emissions using CCS, at lower cost than other technologies

  7. IDGCC Technology Integrated Drying Gasification Combined Cycle (IDGCC) • Coal is dried using direct contact with hot gas • Dried coal is converted to hot combustible gas in a fluidised bed gasifier • Hot gas is cooled by the coal drying step • Gas is cleaned, burned in a gas turbine producing power • Hot exhaust gas from gas turbine used in boiler to produce steam • Steam used in a steam turbine to produce extra power • Gas turbine plus steam turbine - combined cycle

  8. IDGCC Process

  9. Development of IDGCC Technology TGA (1990) CGDU (1992) CGDF (1996) Dry coal gasification, gas flared Wet coal gasification and power generation Reactivity tests

  10. Wet coal drying, gasification and power generation Power sent to grid 10-MW scale IDGCC Proven at 10-MW Scale

  11. Advantages of IDGCC Technology • Particularly suited to reactive, wet coals • Cost reductions of around 30% on boiler technology, wet coals • Efficiency at around 40% HHV (from gas turbine/steam turbine) compared with 33% for supercritical boiler plant • Significant reduction in CO2 emissions around 30% compared with current best Latrobe Valley boiler plant • Savings on water - IDGCC uses only 50% of usual cooling water levels of boiler plant • Suitable for pre-combustion CO2 capture for lower CO2 emissions in future

  12. CO2 Emissions

  13. Water Consumption

  14. Costs including CO2 Capture

  15. Gasifier 500 MW COAL GTCC Gasifier NATURAL GAS Start - up & supplementary fuel IDGCC Next Steps 500 MW IDGCC Demonstration Project 2 gasifiers supplying Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Proposed location Latrobe Valley

  16. 500 MW IDGCC Demonstration Project Structure • Funding will be a mix of equity, debt and government support • State Government grant ($50M) announced November 2006 • Federal Government grant ($100M) announced March 2007 • HRL and Harbin Group in Joint Venture • Harbin to be EPC Contractor • Will engage local constructor for site erection • Planned start of operation early 2012

  17. 500 MW Project Outcomes • Provide 500 MW combined cycle power into Grid • Demonstrate 500 MW IDGCC power at Greenhouse Intensity of about 0.8 tCO2/MWh • Confirm low fuel use, low water consumption compared to current LV power plant • Prove scale up for commercial operation of IDGCC • Provide the platform for commercial deployment of low greenhouse power at cost of about $39/MWh

  18. CO2 Capture • IDGCC is suitable for pre-combustion CO2 capture with systems already used commercially in other industries • Additional cost is high ~45% increase in capex • Penalty on power output ~10% • Cost of CO2 capture lower for IDGCC than other power technologies • Working with CO2CRC to evaluate improved solvent systems more suited to IDGCC, with support from Victorian ETIS program • HRL’s aim is to move towards near-zero CO2 from IDGCC in future with CCS (believe we can get CO2 emissions down close to 0.2 t/MWh)

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