Characteristics and Challenges of Chinese Higher Education

1. Characteristics and Challenges of Chinese Higher Education Wu Xiaofeng Chen Xin Wen Dongmao

2. Outline • Brief Introduction to China • Characteristics of Chinese HE • Challenges

3. Part 1:Brief Introduction to China

4. A Big Country with Disparity • Long History and Civilization • A Developing Country

5. Population: 1.3 Billion • Four times more than the US, • Land Area: 9.6 Million Square Kilometers • the Similar Land Size with US • GDP Per Capital In $ 3100 • 1/10 of USA

7. Central Area 3 64% of Land 4% of Population East Area 2 36% of Land 96% of Population 1 West Area Hu HuanYong Line （黑河——腾冲）

8. Developingthe growth of GDP per capita

9. Part 2 Some Characteristics of Chinese HE • Biggest • Expanding • Stratification • Privatization

10. 1, The Biggest HE System • Basic Statistics of HE in China (2007) • HEIs: 2321 • Regular: 1908 • Four year University: 740 • Private: 29 • 2-3 year college: 1168 • Private: 247 • Informal: 413 • Faculty & staff: 1.97 million • Faculty: 1.17 Million

11. Basic Statistics of HE in China (2007) • Total Enrolment: 27 M. • Regular: 20 M. • Post graduate: 1.2M. • Undergraduate : 18.85 M. • Informal : 5.24 M • Other: self-study • Gross Enrolment Rate: 23%

12. 2、Rapidly Expanding System: • New Enrollments • 1998 1,0M. • 20033,8m. • 2007 ? • 6.0

13. Total Enrollments of Regular HEIs(in million)

14. Gross Enrollment Rate by Age Cohort (1990-2005)

15. 3. Stratification • Key School system from 1950s up to 2000s • National key School • Province key School • County key school • Key class • Key University Policy from 1950s

16. Project 211 • Time: Launched in 1995; • Goal: building up 100 top level HEIs and key disciplines for the 21 century;

17. Project 985 • Time: Launched in May 1998; • Goal: Aimed at developing 10 to 12 world-class universities, plus a number of renowned high-level research institutions;

18. The first release (34) Beihang University Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing Normal University Beijing University Central South University Central University for Nationalities China Agricultural University China Ocean University Chongqing University Dalian University of Technology Fudan University Harbin Institute of Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hunan University Jilin University Lanzhou University Nanjing University Nankai University National University of Defense Technology Northeast University Northwest A and F University Northwestern Polytechnical University Qinghua University Renmin University of China Shandong University Shanghai Jiaotong University Sichuan University South China University of Technology Southeast University Sun Yat-Sen University Tianjin University Tongji University University of Electronic Science and Technology of China University of Science and Technology of China Wuhan University Xiamen University Xian Jiaotong University Zhejiang University The second release (4) China Agricultural University National University of Defense Technology Central University for Nationalities Northwest A and F University Universities in Project 985

19. The Pyramid of Higher Education System in China 985 Univ. 38 211 Univ. 38+64 Teaching Univ. 640 Vocational and technical college 1168

20. 4. Privatization • People-run HEIs: 276(2006) • Converted HEIs: 2-3(?) • Affiliated colleges: 318 • Students in Private HEIs: 16% • Cost-sharing • Government Allocation in nation education revenue • 1990: 63% • 2007: <50%

21. Four Models for HE system

22. Parts 3 :Challenges Quantity Quality Equity

23. 1.Quantity • the Gross Enrollment Rate: • 23% in 2007 • to 32% in 2020 ? • The total Enrolments • 27 million in 2007 • 2020?

24. The total Enrolments In 2020 • If the GER is 32%: 43 Millions • If Increase by 5% every year: 51 Millions

25. Total Enrollments of Regular HEIs(in million)

26. 2.Quality • Employment • Creativity

27. Number of Graduates of Regular Higher Education (in million)

28. 3.Equity • HE in less developed provinces • HE for Disadvantaged Students

29. Thanks