Cell Structure Review

Cell Structure Review

1. What is aprokaryote? Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms whose cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Cell Structure 2. Give an example of a prokaryote. Achaeans Cyanobacteria Bacteria

Name and give the function of the structure indicated. The cell shown is a prokaryote. Cell Structure 3

Name and give the function of the structure indicated. The cell shown is a prokaryote. Cell Structure Elongate, hollow appendages used in transfers of DNA to other cells. Pili

Name and give the function of the structure indicated. The cell shown is a prokaryote. Cell Structure Double-stranded DNA structure carrying extra genes. Plasmid

Name and give the function of the structure indicated. The cell shown is a prokaryote. Cell Structure Tiny particles composed of protein and RNA that are the sites of protein synthesis. Ribosomes

Name and give the function of the structure indicated. The cell shown is a prokaryote. Cell Structure A water-based solution filling the entire cell. Cytoplasm

Name and give the function of the structure indicated. The cell shown is a prokaryote. Cell Structure A semi-rigid casing composed of peptidoglycans that provides structural support and shape for the cell. Cell wall

Name and give the function of the structure indicated. The cell shown is a prokaryote. Cell Structure An outer coating that protects the cell and helps it adhere to surfaces. Capsule

Name and give the function of the structure indicated. The cell shown is a prokaryote. Cell Structure A rotating filament that moves the cell forward and provides motility. Flagellum

Name and give the function of the structure indicated. The cell shown is a prokaryote. Cell Structure A thin sheet of lipid and protein that surrounds the cytoplasm and controls the flow of materials into and out of the cell. Cell membrane

Name and give the function of the structure indicated. The cell shown is a prokaryote. Cell Structure Fine, hair-like bristles extending from the cell surface that help in adhesion to other cells and surfaces. Fimbriae

Name and give the function of the structure indicated. The cell shown is a prokaryote. Cell Structure Composed of condensed DNA molecule. DNA directs all genetics and heredity of the cell and codes for proteins. Nucleoid

13. What is aeukaryote? Cell Structure Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and membrane organelles. 14. Give an example of a eukaryote. Animals Plants Fungi

Name and give the function of the structure indicated. The cell shown is a eukaryote. Cell Structure 15

Name and give the function of the structure indicated. The cell shown is a eukaryote. Cell Structure A jelly-like substance inside the cell’s membrane but outside the cell’s nucleus. It contains the organelles and substances needed for chemical reactions. Cytoplasm

Name and give the function of the structure indicated. The cell shown is a eukaryote. Cell Structure The powerhouse of the cell. It converts chemical energy stored in food (glucose, amino acids, fatty acids) into usable compounds, like ATP. Mitochondria

Name and give the function of the structure indicated. The cell shown is a eukaryote. Cell Structure The most numerous organelles in a cell. The ribosome is the site of protein synthesis. Some are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum and some are free-floating in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes

Name and give the function of the structure indicated. The cell shown is a eukaryote. Cell Structure Found only in animal cells, these structures are made of microtubules. They act as a template onto which other functional structures can be built, like centrosomes and cilia. Centrioles

Name and give the function of the structure indicated. The cell shown is a eukaryote. Cell Structure 19 Hint: This structure is used for storage.

Name and give the function of the structure indicated. The cell shown is a eukaryote. Cell Structure Large, membranous sacs that store material like water, proteins, salts, and sugars. Plants have a very large one that helps keep the plant upright. Paramecia use special ones that contract to pump excess water out of the cell. Vacuoles

Name and give the function of the structure indicated. The cell shown is a eukaryote. Cell Structure 20 Hint: This structure is not found in plant cells.

Name and give the function of the structure indicated. The cell shown is a eukaryote. Cell Structure Lysosome These membranous sacs carry digestive enzymes that breakdown and recycle macro-molecules, like lipids, complex carbohydrates, and proteins. They also breakdown organelles that are no longer useful.

Name and give the function of the structure indicated. The cell shown is a eukaryote. An elaborate membrane network studded with ribosomes. It is the site where polypeptides are folded and assembled into secretory proteins, like insulin and hemoglobin. Membrane components are also made here. Cell Structure Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Name and give the function of the structure indicated. The cell shown is a eukaryote. Cell Structure An elaborate membrane network where carbohydrates, lipids, hormones, and steroids are made. It also produces enzymes that help get rid of toxins, such as drugs. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Name and give the function of the structure indicated. The cell shown is a eukaryote. Cell Structure A large structure which contains chromosomes, which in turn contain the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA. It is like the brain of the cell. Nucleus

Name and give the function of the structure indicated. The cell shown is a eukaryote. Cell Structure An area inside the nucleus made up of RNA and protein and plays a role in the formation of ribosomes. Nucleolus

Name and give the function of the structure indicated. The cell shown is a eukaryote. Cell Structure 25 Hint: It is not a vacuole or lysosome.

Name and give the function of the structure indicated. The cell shown is a eukaryote. Cell Structure Small, bubble-like membrane structures that store and transport cellular products. They originate from the endomembrane system. Vesicles

Name and give the function of the structure indicated. The cell shown is a eukaryote. Cell Structure This organelle receives proteins and lipids from the ER where they are modified, sorted, and packaged for transport in and out of the cell. It is known as the “warehouse’ or “shipping station.” Golgi body

Name and give the function of the structure indicated. The cell shown is a eukaryote. Cell Structure Made of a lipid bilayer, this structure controls what enters and leaves the cell. It also protects and supports the cell. Cell (plasma) membrane

Name and give the function of the structure indicated. The cell shown is eukaryotic. Cell Structure 28 This is a diagram of an epithelial cell in the lining of the small intestine. This is a picture from a scanning electron microscope.

Cell Structure Review