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ISLAMIC EMPIRE

ISLAMIC EMPIRE. QUICK RECAP!. Muhammad – founder ALLAH / QUR’AN 5 Pillars of Islam Hijrah – preserves religion Returns to conquer Mecca Rules over ARABIAN Peninsula. CRISIS IN ISLAM. 632 -Muhammad dies – no clear successor Who would take over as LEADER ? CALIPH – successor

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ISLAMIC EMPIRE

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  1. ISLAMIC EMPIRE

  2. QUICK RECAP! • Muhammad – founder • ALLAH / QUR’AN • 5 Pillars of Islam • Hijrah – preserves religion • Returns to conquer Mecca • Rules over ARABIAN Peninsula

  3. CRISIS IN ISLAM • 632 -Muhammad dies – no clear successor • Who would take over as LEADER? • CALIPH – successor • First Four Caliphs used Muhammad’s actions and the QU’RAN as guides for LEADERSHIP • 632-661 “RIGHTLY GUIDED Caliphate” {Period of first four successors to Muhammad}

  4. ISLAM EXPANDS • First Four Caliphs - great PROGRESS in expansion By 750 – Islam spread throughout Middle East into: • EUROPE • AFRICA • ASIA {From Atlantic Ocean to the Indus River}

  5. RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS • 1st – ABU-BAKR {Muhammad’s father-in-law} • 2nd – Umar • 3rd – Uthman • 4th – ALI {Muhammad’s son-in-law} 661 - Ali ASSASSINATED • Caliphs 2-4 all assassinated ABU – BAKR : First Caliph

  6. ASSASSINATION OF ALI • Leads to SCHISM (split) in Islam • 2 GROUPS: SHI’A / SUNNI

  7. About 85% SUNNI, 15% SHI’A

  8. REASONS FOR MUSLIM SUCCESS • 1. SKILLED WARRIORS • 2. WILLING TO DIE • 3. CONVERSION • 4. TOLERANCE for JEWS/CHRISTIANS

  9. UMAYYAD DYNASTY 661-750 • After ALI was killed Umayyads come to power • Moved the capital from Mecca to Damascus • Built the Dome of the Rock

  10. DOME OF THE ROCK • Started in 689 finished in 691 • Spot where Muslims claim Muhammad ascended into heaven • Location – Temple Mount in Jerusalem

  11. ABBASID DYNASTY 750-1250 • Abbasids conquer the Umayyads • Moved capital from DamascustoBaghdad • Begin “GOLDEN AGE OF ISLAM”

  12. GOLDEN AGE OF ISLAM • Arab world became center for: • science • philosophy • medicine • education • Abbasids championed the cause of knowledge and established the House of Wisdom in Baghdad

  13. HOUSE OF WISDOM • Muslim and non-Muslim scholars sought to translate and gather all the world's knowledge into Arabic • Many classic works of antiquity that would otherwise have been lost were translated into Arabic and Persian and later in turn translated into Turkish, Hebrew and Latin

  14. MUSLIM EMPIRE in EUROPE • Umayyad prince escaped Abbasids • Takes control of Spain • Spanish Muslim capital - Cordoba GREAT MOSQUE OF CORDOBA

  15. END OF THE GOLDEN AGE • ETHNIC Differences: ARABS, PERSIANS, TURKS • CRUSADES: Christians vs Muslims • MONGOLS INVASION: 1258 Hulagu Khan captures Baghdad

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