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The Islamic Religion and Islamic Empire

HASEEB RANA AND OMAR JANJUA 1 st Period/ Totaro. The Islamic Religion and Islamic Empire. MUHAMMAD THE PROPHET. Origins of Islam. Muhammad (570-632 AD), the Prophet, was the founder of Islam When he was 40, he was given messages from Allah

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The Islamic Religion and Islamic Empire

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  1. HASEEB RANA AND OMAR JANJUA 1st Period/Totaro The Islamic Religion and Islamic Empire

  2. MUHAMMAD THE PROPHET Origins of Islam • Muhammad (570-632 AD), the Prophet, was the founder of Islam • When he was 40, he was given messages from Allah • He spread these messages to his followers, which sprung Islam • He was known as the Messenger of Allah and the last prophet • Pictures of Muhammad are forbidden in Islam and is considered a sin

  3. Mecca and Medina on the Arabian Peninsula: Early Muslim cities

  4. Spread of Islam

  5. Beliefs, Traditions, and Customs of Islam • Monotheism Abrahamic Religion (believes in one God) • Judgment Day = Judged in front of Allah • Believes in Jesus/Moses/Abraham as Prophets • Afterlife: • Good Deeds = Heaven • Bad Deeds = Hell BELIEFS

  6. Beliefs, Traditions, and Customs of Islam • Reading the Quran (Holy Book) which is written in Arabic • Fasting for 30 days • Celebrating Eid/Ramadan TRADITIONS

  7. Beliefs, Traditions, and Customs of Islam • Not allowed to eat pork, nor drink alcohol • Five Pillars of Islam • Pilgrimage to Mecca • Fasting • Prayer (5x a day) • Alms Giving • Belief in Allah CUSTOMS

  8. Geographic influence on origin and spread • Trade routes were along Mecca and Medina

  9. EXPANSION DESPITE GEOGRPAHIC DIFFICULTIES • Muslims were natural explorers • Used camels to reach distances that were impossible by foot • Had religious motivation • The Hindu-Kush and • Himalayas made difficulty • along with the desert for • the Islamic travelers

  10. Fertile Crescent • Abu-Bakr and the next 3 caliphs; Umar, Uthman, and Ali controlled all of Arabia • Under Uthman, the army took control of Syria and lower Egypt, which were part of the Byzantine Empire • They also took parts of the Persian Empire • Uthman and Ali continued to expand the empire eastward and westward • By 750 the Muslim empire stretched 6000 miles

  11. Political Unity of the first Islamic Empire was short-lived • Murder of Uthman in 656 triggered a civil war with groups in need of power • Ali, Muhammad’s son-in-law, Uthman’s successor gets murdered in 661 • Systems of Caliphs ends • Begins the Umayyads reign

  12. Jerusalem and Damascus

  13. Spread of Arabic/Trade

  14. Slavery • NOT based on RACE • Prisoners of war/children of prisoners • Slaves had religious rights

  15. Death of Ali • The Umayyad's took over and started a hereditary system of succession • Surrounded themselves with wealth and ceremony like non-Muslims • Brought a division in the community • Sunni- Did not resist rule of Umayyad’s and were followers of Muhammad’s example • Shi’a- Resisted Umayyad’s and believed that the person responsible of spreading Muhammad’s example MUST be a relative

  16. Capital Moved to Baghdad

  17. Battle of Tours • In 732 AD • Christians stopped Muslim spread into Western Europe • Christians were victorious

  18. Fall of Baghdad to Mongols • Occurred in 1258 • Left Baghdad destroyed • 100,000-1 million dead • Sacked and burned • Everything was destroyed, including libraries

  19. Cultural contributions and achievements DOME OF THE ROCK

  20. ISLAMIC MOSAICS

  21. Arabic Alphabet

  22. UNIVERSITIES

  23. TRANSLATIONS • Greek works were translated into Arabic • Other works were also translated, as well • This helped to preserve knowledge

  24. SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTIONS AND ACHIEVEMENTS ARABIC NUMBERS

  25. ALGEBRA • Al-Khwarizmi invented the idea of Algebra • Wrote a text book in the 800’s explaining the art of bring together unknown to match quantities • He called it Al-Jabr, which is known as Algebra

  26. Medicine • Al-Razi wrote the Comprehensive Book • Believed recovery from clean air • Used hospitals • Contributed greatly to the growth of medicine and healthier lifestyles

  27. CALLIGRAPHY • Art of Beautiful Handwriting

  28. Geographic Knowledge • Had many updated maps • Was familiar with the geographic area • Spread knowledge with trade

  29. THE END!

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