Earth Materials

1. Earth Materials Lynn Garner

2. What Are Earth Materials? • An earth material is any natural material that is not now living on the earth’s surface.

3. Vocabulary • Geology: the study of the Earth • Geologist: A Scientist who studies Earth materials, such as the rocks and minerals on the Earth

4. Vocabulary • Minerals: one ingredient in the earth’s crust that can’t be broken down - minerals make up rocks • Rocks: earth materials made up of different ingredients called minerals – rocks are made up of more than one mineral/ingredient • Property: something you can observe, such as size, color, shape, or texture • Crystal: the solid form of a material that can be identified by its shape or pattern

5. Rocks Made up of different ingredients Rocks can be broken down into different minerals. Minerals Made up of only one ingredient Minerals can’t be broken down any more. What is the difference in rocksand minerals?

6. Rock Properties • Texture • Color • Shape or edges • Size • Mass • Smell

7. Rocks Science Content • Rocks can be separated into their components • Rocks exhibit a variety of properties, including shape, size, color, and texture. • Water, setting, and evaporation can separate rocks into their components. • Crystals form from evaporation of a saltwater mixture. • Rocks are composed of earth materials called minerals that cannot be physically broken apart any further • Rocks are made of ingredients called minerals.

8. Measurement Vocabulary • Diameter: the distance across a circular object • Circumference: the distance around a circular object • Depth: how thick an object is • Meter tape: measures linear dimensions • Balance: measures mass (You weigh a mock rock using a balance to determine its mass.)

9. Rock Types • Basalt: a dark, fine-grained rock that began as molten lava extruded from a volcano or rift and then cooled quickly on the earth’s surface. • Granite: an igneous rock that forms when magma (molten rock) forms deep in the Earth’s crust. • Limestone: one common sedimentary rock – has a wide variety of colors, textures, & origins and consist mostly of mineral calcite. They form where water is present. • Marble: a metamorphic rock, is limestone that has been altered by heat & pressure – usually white by tinted by other minerals – often used as columns or countertops • Mock rock: forms from common ingredients found in your kitchen (flour, salt, water, food coloring, & alum) and neighborhood (sand, gravel, & shells) - resemble concrete • Sandstone: a sedimentary rock formed when rocks such as granite are eroded by wind, water, & ice – used as a building stone.

10. Mohs’ Numerical Mineral Scale Diamond is the hardest mineral - 10

11. Mock Rocks

12. Real Rocks

13. Mineral Types • Fluorite- is found in a variety of colors-white, green, blue, & violet. It can be scratched with a gym clip. • Gypsum- is a mineral that forms when seawater evaporates under arid conditions. • Quartz– one of most common minerals and is made up of silicon and oxygen • Calcite- a common mineral & chemical composition is calcium carbonate. It can be scratched with a penny. • Feldspar • Hornblende • Mica-

14. How many tools could scratch this mineral? Paper Clip Fingernail Penny

15. Bibliography • www.fossweb.com