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Hello Minions…

Hello Minions…. Now for the nifty stuff. History lesson…. 430 BC (a long, long time ago…) Greek Philosopher Democritus Matter is formed by small pieces that could not be cut into smaller parts. ATOMOS – Uncuttable ATOM. History lesson continued…. Jump forward to the 1600’s

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Hello Minions…

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  1. Hello Minions… Now for the nifty stuff

  2. History lesson… • 430 BC (a long, long time ago…) • Greek Philosopher • Democritus • Matter is formed by small pieces that could not be cut into smaller parts. • ATOMOS – Uncuttable • ATOM

  3. History lesson continued… • Jump forward to the 1600’s • John Dalton (English chemist) • Came up with some ideas • All elements are composed of atoms that cannot be divided • Atoms of same element are alike and have the same mass • Different elements are different and have different masses • Atoms cannot be changed into another atom • Atoms cannot be created or destroyed, only rearranged • Every compound is made of atoms of different elements in set ratios

  4. More history… • 1897 (English scientist) J.J. Thompson • Came up with a theory of the atom being a positive ball with scattered negative charges surrounding it. • Negative charges later became known as “Electrons”

  5. Still more history… • 1911 Ernest Rutherford (Thomson’s student) • Gold foil experiment • Nucleus • Protons

  6. Last bit of history… • 1920’s • Scientists said a cloud surrounds the nucleus • Not like planets orbiting a sun • Electron’s movement is related to the “energy level” (or specific amount of energy it has)

  7. Particle Charges

  8. Comparison of Particles • Protons and Neutrons are about the same mass • (neutrons are a weeeeeee bit bigger, but not much) • Electrons match Protons charge for charge • But… • Electrons are the size of a Proton!!!

  9. We’re Number… • Every atom of an element has the same number of protons • Carbon has 6 protons • Oxygen has 8 protons • Iron has 26 protons • Radium has 88 protons!!! • This unique number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is an element’s ATOMIC NUMBER!

  10. There is always an exception… • Although all atoms have the same number of protons… • The number of Neutrons can differ! • When the number of neutrons differ from the protons, this is called an ISOTOPE.

  11. There is always an exception… • An isotope is identified by its “MASS NUMBER” which is the sum of its protons and neutrons. • For example … • Carbon-12 (most common) (6 protons + 6 neutrons) • Carbon-13 (6 protons + 7 neutrons) • Carbon-14 (6 protons + 8 neutrons)

  12. Oh! Questions!!!!

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