Expenditure in Retirement or I have enough money to last me the rest of my life, unless I buy something J. Mason, US co

1. Judith A. Davey Institute of Policy Studies Victoria University Expenditure in RetirementorI have enough money to last me the rest of my life, unless I buy somethingJ. Mason, US comedian 

2. 2 Purpose How do currently retired people spend their incomes? The Retirement Commission aims to ensure that New Zealanders can make informed financial decisions throughout their lives To help younger people in their retirement planning

3. 3 Method Develop �model� budgets for retired individuals and couples, from Household Economic Survey (HES) data Six focus groups with people aged 65 plus, arranged through community networks, examined the model budgets and commented on how realistic they are in the light of their own experiences Material from the focus groups was used to develop case examples to be used in RC education campaigns and web-site

4. 4 What can younger people learn from the spending patterns of older people?

5. 5 Variations in expenditure patterns (HES) By age By sex (living alone) By housing tenure By household composition By location Over time By age People 75 plus have lower average expenditure that those aged 65-74. Older old people spend less on food, alcohol and tobacco, meals away from home, recreation and transport. Little difference by age for spending on clothing and footwear, health, utilities and personal care. By sex (living alone) Men spend less on fruit and vegetables, but more than women on alcohol. They spend more on recreation and private transport. Women spend more on clothing and personal care. Housing costs are similar. For women there is a smaller drop in expenditure by age than is the case for men. By housing tenure Housing costs are a major reason for differences in budgets, especially between owners and renters. HES data could not be disaggregated by tenure. By household composition Average weekly spending for one person households aged 65-74 is 45% that of couples and for the 75 plus age group 56%. Location � small towns may be more expensive but housing a major component and costs higher in large centres Time � next cohort may have different tastes and experiences but are likely to be living on smaller incomes just the same By age People 75 plus have lower average expenditure that those aged 65-74. Older old people spend less on food, alcohol and tobacco, meals away from home, recreation and transport. Little difference by age for spending on clothing and footwear, health, utilities and personal care. By sex (living alone) Men spend less on fruit and vegetables, but more than women on alcohol. They spend more on recreation and private transport. Women spend more on clothing and personal care. Housing costs are similar. For women there is a smaller drop in expenditure by age than is the case for men. By housing tenure Housing costs are a major reason for differences in budgets, especially between owners and renters. HES data could not be disaggregated by tenure. By household composition Average weekly spending for one person households aged 65-74 is 45% that of couples and for the 75 plus age group 56%. Location � small towns may be more expensive but housing a major component and costs higher in large centres Time � next cohort may have different tastes and experiences but are likely to be living on smaller incomes just the same

6. 6 Average weekly spending ($)2007 HES data

7. 7 The Case Studies (RC web-site) 1. Relatively affluent couple � home-owners, two cars 2. Low income couple � home-owners, one car 3. Low income couple � home-owners, no car 4. Single man � home-owner, relatively affluent 5. Single man � renter, low income 6. Single female � home-owner, relatively affluent 7. Single female � home-owner, low income 8. Single female � renter, low income

8. 8 John and Jennymainly dependent on NZS ($463) Weekly spending ($) Spend - $526 NZS 463 HES 732Spend - $526 NZS 463 HES 732

9. 9 Single People � renter and ownerNZS $298 weekly spending ($) Ben, a renter, living alone mainly dependent on NZS ($298) Weekly Budget ($) Alice, single, home owner mainly dependent on NZS ($298) Weekly Budget ($) NZS net was $298 For couple $462 Spend 356 328 HEC 344 NZS 298Ben, a renter, living alone mainly dependent on NZS ($298) Weekly Budget ($) Alice, single, home owner mainly dependent on NZS ($298) Weekly Budget ($) NZS net was $298 For couple $462 Spend 356 328 HEC 344 NZS 298

10. 10 Hints and Strategies When I was young I thought that money was the most important thing in life; now that I am old I know that it is� - Oscar Wilde Retirement: It's nice to get out of the rat race, but you have to learn to get along with less cheese- Gene Perret There is nothing more demoralizing than a small but adequate income - Edmund Wilson Indicates that problems of budgeting in later life persist over timeIndicates that problems of budgeting in later life persist over time

11. 11 Insurance House insurance almost universal for home owners Some people have cut out contents insurance, taking the risk themselves Many have never had medical insurance and many have given it up because of the cost. Some have cut down on coverage to make it more affordable. Others keep it up to cover pre-existing conditions House insurance almost universal among home owners Some people have cut out contents insurance, taking the risk themselves Many have never had medical insurance and many have given it up because of the cost. Some have cut down on coverage to make medical insurance more affordable. Others keep it up to cover pre-existing conditions. House insurance almost universal among home owners Some people have cut out contents insurance, taking the risk themselves Many have never had medical insurance and many have given it up because of the cost. Some have cut down on coverage to make medical insurance more affordable. Others keep it up to cover pre-existing conditions.

12. 12 Utilities Concern about increases in rates and low level of rates rebate Cheaper to use gas bottles than to pay for a meter Carrying and chopping wood and lifting gas bottles -too much for older people Heat pumps are expensive and may increase electricity use Many older people use electric blankets and hot water bottles for personal heating There is great concern about increases in rates. Is the rates rebate income limit too low - only a little above NZS? Electricity costs vary; no one mentioned shopping around. It is cheaper to use gas bottles than to pay a daily charge for a meter Carrying and chopping wood and lifting gas bottles may be too much for older people. Heat pumps are expensive and may actually increase electricity use. Are they worth the expense of purchase and installation? Many older people resort to using electric blankets and hot water bottles as personal heating sources. But will keeping warmer save on doctors� bills? Similar findings from CHRANZ researchThere is great concern about increases in rates. Is the rates rebate income limit too low - only a little above NZS? Electricity costs vary; no one mentioned shopping around. It is cheaper to use gas bottles than to pay a daily charge for a meter Carrying and chopping wood and lifting gas bottles may be too much for older people. Heat pumps are expensive and may actually increase electricity use. Are they worth the expense of purchase and installation? Many older people resort to using electric blankets and hot water bottles as personal heating sources. But will keeping warmer save on doctors� bills? Similar findings from CHRANZ research

13. 13 Utilities (cont.) Shop around for cheaper telephone rates and packages Economise on telephone charges by using special rates; get people to ring you Cell phones can be used for emergency, like a personal alarm Personal alarms can be costly Having an internet connection is important for communication, entertainment and education By shopping around you can find cheaper telephone rates and packages for telephone, internet and pay TV. Economising on telephone charges by using special rates; get people to ring you; buy phone cards Cell phones can be used for emergency only, like a personal alarm. Personal alarms can be costly. Having an internet connection is important not just for communication but also for entertainment and education. By shopping around you can find cheaper telephone rates and packages for telephone, internet and pay TV. Economising on telephone charges by using special rates; get people to ring you; buy phone cards Cell phones can be used for emergency only, like a personal alarm. Personal alarms can be costly. Having an internet connection is important not just for communication but also for entertainment and education.

14. 14 Housing Old houses need more maintenance and are harder to insulate Unexpected costs may be very expensive Many older people defer maintenance Maintenance costs may push older people out of their houses Older people are often unable to do house and garden work Some house adaptations are important if people become less mobile Older people spend little on furniture and may sell off surplus items Special chairs and beds may be needed and can be very expensive Home maintenance and repairs Old houses need more maintenance and are harder to insulate. Unexpected costs related to housing often arise (for example replacing a water tank); these may need urgent attention and be very expensive. Their choices are to use their capital (if they have it); take out a loan or mortgage or use equity release schemes. These last two are not favoured, but �saving up� may take too long. Many older people defer house maintenance, especially for very expensive items such as repainting and re-roofing. Some people budget for one major piece of house maintenance per year. But unexpected costs can still arise. Maintenance costs may push older people out of their houses when they don�t want to go. Older people are often unable to do house and garden work themselves even if they know how to. There is a risk of injury. Cheaper and reliable tradesmen can be found through organisations such as Grey Power. Often what is needed is a handyman (to do small things like changing light bulbs) rather than a tradesman. Help in the garden and house may be a seen as a luxury, but some older people see this as a priority. Sometimes help can be covered by a Disability Allowance. Some house adaptations are important if people become less mobile and also for security. Furnishing and appliances Older people tend to spend little on furniture and may sell off surplus items, especially if they move into smaller accommodation. Also found in recent CRESA.CRANZ research Home maintenance and repairs Old houses need more maintenance and are harder to insulate. Unexpected costs related to housing often arise (for example replacing a water tank); these may need urgent attention and be very expensive. Their choices are to use their capital (if they have it); take out a loan or mortgage or use equity release schemes. These last two are not favoured, but �saving up� may take too long. Many older people defer house maintenance, especially for very expensive items such as repainting and re-roofing. Some people budget for one major piece of house maintenance per year. But unexpected costs can still arise. Maintenance costs may push older people out of their houses when they don�t want to go. Older people are often unable to do house and garden work themselves even if they know how to. There is a risk of injury. Cheaper and reliable tradesmen can be found through organisations such as Grey Power. Often what is needed is a handyman (to do small things like changing light bulbs) rather than a tradesman. Help in the garden and house may be a seen as a luxury, but some older people see this as a priority. Sometimes help can be covered by a Disability Allowance. Some house adaptations are important if people become less mobile and also for security. Furnishing and appliances Older people tend to spend little on furniture and may sell off surplus items, especially if they move into smaller accommodation.

15. 15 Housing - appliances Often uneconomic to repair appliances It pays to look after appliances and extend their lives Some things you have to replace, e.g fridge Discount stores and sales are good for buying small appliances Friends and family may pass on appliances when they renew theirs Small bench-top ovens, separate grills and slow cookers may be appropriate for older people, especially those living alone, and are more economical on power A freezer is important for frozen meals and buying in bulk It is often uneconomic to repair appliances; simpler ones are more reliable. It pays to look after appliances and try to extend their lives. Older people tend to use washing machines less frequently and may not use clothes dryers. Re-conditioned appliances can be good buys. Taking out extended warranties is a way of offsetting appliance repairs. Paying off hire purchase can take a long time but some things you have to replace, for example, a fridge. Discount stores and sales are good for buying small appliances. Friends and family may pass on appliances when they renew theirs. Small bench-top ovens, separate grills and slow cookers may be appropriate for older people, especially those living alone, and are more economical on power. A reasonably large freezer is important for frozen meals and buying in bulk, to save money on food. It is often uneconomic to repair appliances; simpler ones are more reliable. It pays to look after appliances and try to extend their lives. Older people tend to use washing machines less frequently and may not use clothes dryers. Re-conditioned appliances can be good buys. Taking out extended warranties is a way of offsetting appliance repairs. Paying off hire purchase can take a long time but some things you have to replace, for example, a fridge. Discount stores and sales are good for buying small appliances. Friends and family may pass on appliances when they renew theirs. Small bench-top ovens, separate grills and slow cookers may be appropriate for older people, especially those living alone, and are more economical on power. A reasonably large freezer is important for frozen meals and buying in bulk, to save money on food.

16. 16 Food and groceries Meat, fruit, vegetables and dairy products are essential but expensive Many older people cannot afford meat every day Cultivating a kitchen garden may be too much for some people Make economies by buying in bulk and going for �specials� Shopping at supermarkets is cheaper than using local shops. Older people are reluctant to cut down on family visits but this can put a strain on their budgets Pre-prepared and delivered meals are good if you have freezer space Allergies and special diets (diabetes, low salt) can increase food costs Meat, fruit, vegetables and dairy products are essential but expensive Many older people cannot afford meat every day unless have cheap cuts/short-dated items. Cultivating a kitchen garden may be too much for some people. Make economies on food by buying in bulk (�eating out of the freezer�) and going for �specials.� Shopping at supermarkets is cheaper than using dairies and local shops. Older people are reluctant to cut down on family visits (traditional �roast dinner�) but this can put a strain on their budgets Pre-prepared and delivered meals are a good option if you have freezer space. Allergies and special diets (diabetes, low salt) can increase food costs. Meat, fruit, vegetables and dairy products are essential but expensive Many older people cannot afford meat every day unless have cheap cuts/short-dated items. Cultivating a kitchen garden may be too much for some people. Make economies on food by buying in bulk (�eating out of the freezer�) and going for �specials.� Shopping at supermarkets is cheaper than using dairies and local shops. Older people are reluctant to cut down on family visits (traditional �roast dinner�) but this can put a strain on their budgets Pre-prepared and delivered meals are a good option if you have freezer space. Allergies and special diets (diabetes, low salt) can increase food costs.

17. 17 Transport Gold Card has cut transport costs Reduced confidence or sight problems can reduce use of cars Where couples are used to having a car each, this can be hard to give up Car insurance and licensing costs are increasing Many are unable to put money aside to replace their car Waiting for buses can be hard on legs and knees Community transport sometimes available for medical appointments Taxis are seen as too expensive Mobility vouchers are useful for those who are eligible, but only cover half the cost The Gold Card has cut down car use and encouraged older people to go out more. But using buses and trains outside the free period incurs increasing costs. Many have cut down their driving because of reduced confidence or sight problems. Where couples have become used to having a car each, this can be very hard to give up. Car insurance and licensing costs are increasing. Many older people are unable to put money aside to replace their car. Younger older people may have eldercare responsibilities which require private transport. Waiting for buses can be hard on legs and knees Community transport (Red Cross, Cancer Society) is sometimes available to get to medical appointments. Taxis are seen as too expensive. Mobility vouchers for taxis are useful for those who are eligible, but only cover half the cost. The Gold Card has cut down car use and encouraged older people to go out more. But using buses and trains outside the free period incurs increasing costs. Many have cut down their driving because of reduced confidence or sight problems. Where couples have become used to having a car each, this can be very hard to give up. Car insurance and licensing costs are increasing. Many older people are unable to put money aside to replace their car. Younger older people may have eldercare responsibilities which require private transport. Waiting for buses can be hard on legs and knees Community transport (Red Cross, Cancer Society) is sometimes available to get to medical appointments. Taxis are seen as too expensive. Mobility vouchers for taxis are useful for those who are eligible, but only cover half the cost.

18. 18 Entertainment and Fun Seen as an area in which to make economies Meals away from home are a rarity, except as a �treat� Going to the cinema more common than live performance Older people can travel at less popular times and take advantage of cheap fares Holidays can often be visits to relatives or excursions with clubs Some have to withdraw from activities because of the cost of club subscriptions Many people use libraries rather than buying books and magazines. Newspapers and magazines can be shared Pets provide entertainment and companionship, but can entail high costs for care and treatment. Making decisions about these costs can be stressful Many older people see recreation and leisure as an area in which they can make economies. Meals away from home are a rarity, unless there are pensioner discounts. Families often �treat� older relatives to a meal out. Going to live performances are very special occasions. Going to the cinema is more common. This can be combined with the weekly trip to the shopping centre. Older people can travel at less popular times and take advantage of cheap air fares. Holidays can often be visits to relatives or to the holiday homes of friends and family. Some club subscriptions can be costly (up to $1000 per annum for golf or bridge) and may involve buying meals and drinks (service clubs, indoor sports). Some older people feel they have to withdraw from activities they have been in for decades, because of the cost. A useful strategy is to join a club where drinks and meals are reasonably priced. Then visitors can be taken there for less cost. In contrast, many social organisations have very low subscriptions and may organise outings which take advantage of group rates. Excursions with clubs can provide holidays for older people (for example bridge, darts or bowls tournaments). Newspapers, books and magazines Many people use libraries rather than buying books and magazines. Newspapers and magazines can be shared between friends and neighbours. Newspapers may be valued for content other than news � death notices, crosswords. Mail order DVDs can be a boon for older people. Pets Pets provide entertainment and companionship, but can entail high costs for care and treatment. Making decisions about these costs can be stressful for older people. Many older people see recreation and leisure as an area in which they can make economies. Meals away from home are a rarity, unless there are pensioner discounts. Families often �treat� older relatives to a meal out. Going to live performances are very special occasions. Going to the cinema is more common. This can be combined with the weekly trip to the shopping centre. Older people can travel at less popular times and take advantage of cheap air fares. Holidays can often be visits to relatives or to the holiday homes of friends and family. Some club subscriptions can be costly (up to $1000 per annum for golf or bridge) and may involve buying meals and drinks (service clubs, indoor sports). Some older people feel they have to withdraw from activities they have been in for decades, because of the cost. A useful strategy is to join a club where drinks and meals are reasonably priced. Then visitors can be taken there for less cost. In contrast, many social organisations have very low subscriptions and may organise outings which take advantage of group rates. Excursions with clubs can provide holidays for older people (for example bridge, darts or bowls tournaments). Newspapers, books and magazines Many people use libraries rather than buying books and magazines. Newspapers and magazines can be shared between friends and neighbours. Newspapers may be valued for content other than news � death notices, crosswords. Mail order DVDs can be a boon for older people. Pets Pets provide entertainment and companionship, but can entail high costs for care and treatment. Making decisions about these costs can be stressful for older people.

19. 19 Clothing and Footwear Spending on clothes is generally low Older people are not averse to buying second-hand clothes, from sales or �seconds� or �hand-me-downs� within families Being at home more means less need for �good� clothes Clothing is often given to older people as gifts, especially socks and jerseys Buying shoes can account for most of the budget. Good shoes are seen as an investment and essential for people prone to falls or who have �bad feet� Spending in clothes is generally low; men often have clothes from their working days and the women are less fashion conscious. They are not averse to buying second-hand clothes, from sales or �seconds� or even �hand-me-downs� within families. Being at home more means that �good� clothes are needed less. Clothing is often given to older people as gifts, especially socks and jerseys. Buying shoes can account for most of the budget. Good shoes are seen as an investment and essential for people prone to falls or who have �bad feet�. Spending in clothes is generally low; men often have clothes from their working days and the women are less fashion conscious. They are not averse to buying second-hand clothes, from sales or �seconds� or even �hand-me-downs� within families. Being at home more means that �good� clothes are needed less. Clothing is often given to older people as gifts, especially socks and jerseys. Buying shoes can account for most of the budget. Good shoes are seen as an investment and essential for people prone to falls or who have �bad feet�.

20. 20 Personal care/grooming Patterns vary between men and women. For both, the main item is hair care Some older people may have to have help with their hair. Others cut their hair themselves or have it done by friends Hair care is important for women and many still go to �their� hairdresser regularly. This is a means of social contact People often receive toiletries � soap, talcum, skin creams � as gifts Patterns vary between men and women. For both, the main item is hair care. Haircuts for men are cheaper than for women, but they can still shop around to save money. Some older people may have to have help with their hair as they cannot do it themselves. Others cut their hair themselves or have it done by friends. Hair care is important for women and many still go to �their� hairdresser regularly. This is a means of social contact. People often receive toiletries � soap, talcum, skin creams � as gifts. Patterns vary between men and women. For both, the main item is hair care. Haircuts for men are cheaper than for women, but they can still shop around to save money. Some older people may have to have help with their hair as they cannot do it themselves. Others cut their hair themselves or have it done by friends. Hair care is important for women and many still go to �their� hairdresser regularly. This is a means of social contact. People often receive toiletries � soap, talcum, skin creams � as gifts.

21. 21 Medical The cost of medical care for older people varies considerably according to their health status The cut-off for Disability Allowance is just above NZS level. This penalises older people who have savings Dentures, glasses and hearing aids can cost thousands of dollars The cost of dental treatment is a serious concern Podiatry is important for people who cannot bend easily, or have a condition such as diabetes. Health supplements are expensive Older people often have to decide between being on a waiting list and paying for private treatment if they have no insurance The cost of medical care for older people varies considerably according to their health status. A GP consultation can cost from $15 to $42. It can be hard to get into a medical practice where the fees are cheaper, but many older people prefer to stay with their �family� doctor, even if the fees go up or they move house, entailing more travel. Prescriptions can be $3 each, or $70 or more for a non-subsidised medication. They may also have subsidies on dentures, glasses and hearing aids, but, if not, these can cost several thousands of dollars. The cost of dental treatment is a serious concern for many older people. Dentists tend to recommend saving natural teeth wherever possible but this usually means a large bill. Having false teeth is cheaper than going to the dentist. Podiatry is important for older people who cannot bend easily to cut their toe nails, or have a condition such as diabetes. The cut-off for the Disability Allowance is just above NZS level. This penalises older people who have some savings and they may end up worse off through having to pay for medical care, aids and home help themselves. Health supplements are expensive, especially from specialised shops. Older people often have to decide between being on a hospital waiting list and paying for private treatment if they have no insurance. Some may decide to use their savings for private treatment (e.g. for cataracts) as they are worried about falls and/or in considerable pain. The cost of medical care for older people varies considerably according to their health status. A GP consultation can cost from $15 to $42. It can be hard to get into a medical practice where the fees are cheaper, but many older people prefer to stay with their �family� doctor, even if the fees go up or they move house, entailing more travel. Prescriptions can be $3 each, or $70 or more for a non-subsidised medication. They may also have subsidies on dentures, glasses and hearing aids, but, if not, these can cost several thousands of dollars. The cost of dental treatment is a serious concern for many older people. Dentists tend to recommend saving natural teeth wherever possible but this usually means a large bill. Having false teeth is cheaper than going to the dentist. Podiatry is important for older people who cannot bend easily to cut their toe nails, or have a condition such as diabetes. The cut-off for the Disability Allowance is just above NZS level. This penalises older people who have some savings and they may end up worse off through having to pay for medical care, aids and home help themselves. Health supplements are expensive, especially from specialised shops. Older people often have to decide between being on a hospital waiting list and paying for private treatment if they have no insurance. Some may decide to use their savings for private treatment (e.g. for cataracts) as they are worried about falls and/or in considerable pain.

22. 22 Gifts and donations Many older people consider it a matter of duty and conscience to continue giving to charities. But this may have to be more selective A lot of importance is placed on marking birthdays and Christmas with gifts to family members and friends An outing with the grandchildren during school holidays to the cinema and for lunch out can be costly Many older people consider it a matter of duty and conscience to continue giving to charities, even out of much-reduced incomes. But giving may have to become more selective and some people help in other ways, like fund-raising or voluntary work. A lot of importance is placed on marking birthdays and Christmas with gifts to family members and friends. An outing with the grandchildren during school holidays to the cinema and for lunch out can cost a quarter of a week�s NZS or more. Many older people consider it a matter of duty and conscience to continue giving to charities, even out of much-reduced incomes. But giving may have to become more selective and some people help in other ways, like fund-raising or voluntary work. A lot of importance is placed on marking birthdays and Christmas with gifts to family members and friends. An outing with the grandchildren during school holidays to the cinema and for lunch out can cost a quarter of a week�s NZS or more.

23. 23 General The model budgets do not include allocations for lawyers fees and holidays Living in smaller towns can be expensive because they lack a range of services, and transport costs Having �nothing to fall back on� in case of unexpected expenses is a big worry Couples are able to share expenses Retired people have time to shop around and plan ahead Very old people can save on NZS. They spend less, have fewer activities and tend not to replace items The main area for cutting down is entertainment and fun. �It is amazing what you can live without� The model budgets do not include allocations for lawyers fees (needed to cope with the affairs of ageing relatives and estate issues) and holidays. Living in smaller towns can be more expensive than in large centres because they lack a range of services (only one electrician) and transport costs are higher. Exam-0ple of dishwasher repairs in Kaikoura Having �nothing to fall back on� in case of unexpected expenses is a big worry for many people. They may prefer to wait until they can afford whatever is needed rather than going to WINZ for a loan and then worrying about paying it back. Couples are able to share expenses in ways not open to single people. Retired people have time to shop around for �good buys� and plan ahead. Very old people can save on NZS. They spend less, have fewer activities and tend not to replace clothes and household items. But others cant. The main area in which older people cut down spending is entertainment and fun. Many foresee that they will have to do this as income from savings and investment diminishes (either through lower interest and dividend rates, or because they have to erode their capital). �It is amazing what you can live without�. The model budgets do not include allocations for lawyers fees (needed to cope with the affairs of ageing relatives and estate issues) and holidays. Living in smaller towns can be more expensive than in large centres because they lack a range of services (only one electrician) and transport costs are higher. Exam-0ple of dishwasher repairs in Kaikoura Having �nothing to fall back on� in case of unexpected expenses is a big worry for many people. They may prefer to wait until they can afford whatever is needed rather than going to WINZ for a loan and then worrying about paying it back. Couples are able to share expenses in ways not open to single people. Retired people have time to shop around for �good buys� and plan ahead. Very old people can save on NZS. They spend less, have fewer activities and tend not to replace clothes and household items. But others cant. The main area in which older people cut down spending is entertainment and fun. Many foresee that they will have to do this as income from savings and investment diminishes (either through lower interest and dividend rates, or because they have to erode their capital). �It is amazing what you can live without�.

24. 24 What can we learn from the spending patterns of older people? How are their experiences useful to younger people preparing for later life? You can be young without money but you can't be old without it. -Tennessee Williams The key to a happy retirement is to have enough money to live on, but not enough to worry about.- Unknown wise person