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Endocrine System Hormones

Endocrine System Hormones. Reproduction. Hormones. Why are hormones needed? chemical messages from one body part to cells in other parts of body communication needed to coordinate whole body maintaining homeostasis energy production growth development maturation reproduction.

gareth-clark
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Endocrine System Hormones

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  1. Endocrine System Hormones Reproduction

  2. Hormones • Why are hormones needed? • chemical messages from one body part to cells in other parts of body • communication needed to coordinate whole body • maintaining homeostasis • energy production • growth • development • maturation • reproduction growth hormones

  3. Endocrine System • Endocrine system releases hormones • glands which secrete chemical signals into blood • chemicals cause changes in other parts of body • slow, long-lasting response • growth hormones • sex hormones • response hormones • metabolism hormones • and more….

  4. Regulation by chemical messengers • Neurotransmitters released by neurons • Hormones release by endocrine glands endocrine gland neurotransmitter axon hormone carried by blood receptor proteins receptor proteins target cell

  5. Glands • Pineal • melatonin • Pituitary • many hormones: master gland • Thyroid • thyroxine • Adrenal • adrenaline • Pancreas • insulin, glucagon • Ovary • estrogen • Testes • testosterone

  6. hormones hormones Body Regulation • Nervous system & Endocrine system work together • hypothalamus • “master nerve control center” • receives information from nerves around body about internal conditions • communicates with pituitary gland • “master gland” • releases many hormones • sexual development, growth, milk production, pain-relief

  7. high low Feedback Maintaining homeostasis hormone 1 lowersbody condition gland specific body condition raisesbody condition gland hormone 2

  8. high Negative Feedback • Response to changed body condition • every time body is high or low from normal level a signal tells the body to make changes that will bring body back to normal level • once body is back to normal level, signal is turned off hormone 1 lowersbody condition gland specific body condition

  9. high low Nervous System Control Feedback Controlling Body Temperature nerve signals brain sweat dilates surfaceblood vessels body temperature brain constricts surfaceblood vessels shiver nerve signals

  10. pancreas high liver low pancreas liver Endocrine System Control Feedback Regulation of Blood Sugar insulin body cells takeup sugar from blood liver storessugar reducesappetite blood sugar level (90mg/100ml) liver releasessugar triggershunger glucagon

  11. Sex & Growth Hormones • Large scale body changes • how do they work • turn genes on • start new processes in the body by turning genes on that were lying “dormant”

  12. Pituitary gland hormones • Sex & reproductive hormones • FSH • follicle stimulating hormone • stimulates egg & sperm production • LH • luteinizing hormone • stimulates ovaries & testes • prepares uterus for fertilized egg • oxytocin • stimulates childbirth contractions • releases milk in nursing mothers • prolactin • milk production in nursing mothers hormones hormones

  13. Reproductive hormones • Testosterone • from testes • sperm production & secondary sexual characteristics • Estrogen • from ovaries • egg production, preparing uterus for fertilized egg & secondary sexual characteristics

  14. Male reproductive system • Sperm production • over 100 million produced per day! • ~2.5 million released per drop!

  15. seminiferoustubule sperm spermatocytes

  16. Male reproductive system • Testes & epididymis • sperm production & maturation • Glands • seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethal • produce seminal fluid • nutrient-rich

  17. Male reproductive system • Testicles • produces sperm & hormones • Scrotum • sac that holds testicles outside of body • Epididymis • where sperm mature • Vas deferens • tubes for sperm to travel from testes to penis • Prostate, seminal vesicles, Cowper’s (bulbourethal) glands • nutrient rich fluid to feed & protect sperm

  18. Female reproductive system

  19. Female reproductive system • Ovaries • produces eggs & hormones • Uterus • nurtures fetus; lining builds up each month • Fallopian tubes • tubes for eggs to travel from ovaries to uterus • Cervix • opening to uterus, dilates 10 cm for birthing baby • Vagina • birth canal for birthing baby

  20. Female reproductive system

  21. Egg maturation in ovary releasesprogesterone maintainsuteruslining produces estrogen

  22. LH Menstrual cycle • Controlled by interaction of 4 hormones • FSH & LH • estrogen • progesterone FSH ovulation = egg release egg development corpus luteum estrogen progesterone lining of uterus days 0 7 14 21 28

  23. corpusluteum ovary yes corpusluteum no Feedback Female reproductive cycle eggmatures & is released(ovulation) builds up uterus lining estrogen progesterone FSH & LH fertilized egg(zygote) maintainsuterus lining HCG pituitarygland pregnancy progesterone GnRH corpus luteum breaks down progesterone drops menstruation maintainsuterus lining hypothalamus

  24. Female hormones • FSH & LH • released from pituitary • stimulates egg development & hormone release • peak release = release of egg (ovulation) • Estrogen • released from ovary cells around developing egg • stimulates growth of lining of uterus • decreasing levels causes menstruation • Progesterone • released from “corpus luteum” in ovaries • cells that used to take care of developing egg • stimulates blood supply to lining of uterus • decreasing levels causes menstruation

  25. Fertilization

  26. Any Questions??

  27. What do they do? Body Temperature • Maintain homeostasis • blood sugar level • temperature control • Start a new process • growth • fetal development • sexual development

  28. Negative Feedback • Negative feedback • every time body is high or low from normal level a signal tells the body to make changes that will bring body back • body temperature • control of blood sugar

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