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Chapter 24, part A

Chapter 24, part A. Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System. Microbial Diseases of the Upper Respiratory System. Laryngitis: S. pneumoniae , S. pyogenes , viruses Tonsillitis: S. pneumoniae , S. pyogenes , viruses Sinusitis: Bacteria Epiglottitis: H. influenzae.

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Chapter 24, part A

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  1. Chapter 24, part A Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

  2. Microbial Diseases of the Upper Respiratory System • Laryngitis: S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, viruses • Tonsillitis: S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, viruses • Sinusitis: Bacteria • Epiglottitis: H. influenzae

  3. Upper Respiratory System • Upper respiratory normal microbiota may include pathogens Figure 24.1

  4. Streptococcal pharyngitis (Strep throat) • Streptococcus pyogenes • Resistant to phagocytosis • Streptokinases lyse clots • Streptolysins are cytotoxic • Diagnosis by indirect agglutination Figure 24.3

  5. Scarlet Fever • Streptococcus pyogenes • Pharyngitis • Erythrogenic toxin produced by lysogenized S. pyogenes Figure 24.4

  6. Diphtheria • Corynebacterium diphtheriae: Gram-positive rod • Diphtheria membrane of fibrin, dead tissue, and bacteria • Diphtheria toxin produced by lysogenized C. diphtheriae • Prevented by DTaP and Td vaccine (Diphtheria toxoid) • Cutaneous diphtheria: Infected skin wound leads to slow healing ulcer

  7. Diphtheria Figure 24.6

  8. Otitis Media • S. pneumoniae (35%) • H. influenzae (20-30%) • M. catarrhalis (10-15%) • S. pyogenes (8-10%) • S. aureus (1-2%) • Treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics • Incidence of S. pneumoniae reduced by vaccine

  9. Otitis Media Figure 25.7

  10. Common cold • Rhinoviruses (50%) • Coronaviruses (15-20%) • Rhinoviruses attached to ICAN-1 on nasal mucosa

  11. Microbial Diseases of the Lower Respiratory System • Bacteria, viruses, & fungi cause: • Bronchitis • Bronchiolitis • Pneumonia

  12. Lower Respiratory System • The ciliary escalator keeps the lower respiratory system sterile. Figure 24.2

  13. Pertussis (Whooping Cough) • Bordetella pertussis: Gram-negative coccobacillus • Capsule • Tracheal cytotoxin of cell wall damaged ciliated cells • Pertussis toxin • Prevented by DTaP vaccine (acellular Pertussis cell fragments) Figure 24.8

  14. Pertussis (Whooping Cough) • Stage 1: Catarrhal stage, like common cold • Stage 2: Paroxysmal stage: Violent coughing sieges • Stage 3: Convalescence stage

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