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Establishing a New Country and Government

Discover the structures of government systems through articles, surveys, and history, from unitary to confederate to federal, explore how power is distributed and the evolution of governing structures.

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Establishing a New Country and Government

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  1. Establishing a New Country and Government Social Studies Survey Articles of Confederation to the Constitution

  2. Ways Government Distributes Power All key powers are held by the central government State/regional authorities hold most of the power Federal Confederation Unitary Strong central government Weaker central government

  3. Government Systems • Unitary System: system of government that gives all key power to the national or central government. • Examples: Early Great Britain and France

  4. Unitary Ways Government Distributes Power RegionalAuthority RegionalAuthority CentralAuthority RegionalAuthority RegionalAuthority

  5. Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic East Timor Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea List of Unitary States Afghanistan Albania Abkhazia Algeria Angola Armenia Azerbaijan Bangladesh Belarus Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Botswana Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile People's Republic of China Colombia Congo (Brazzaville) Congo (Kinshasa)

  6. Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Madagascar Malawi Maldives List of Unitary States Eritrea Estonia Fiji Finland France Gabon The Gambia Georgia Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland Indonesia Iran Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati

  7. Romania Rwanda Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino São Tomé and Príncipe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia List of Unitary States Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger North Korea Norway Oman Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar

  8. Zambia Zimbabwe List of Unitary States Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa South Korea Spain Sri Lanka Suriname Swaziland Sweden Syria Republic of China (Taiwan) Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Kingdom Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Vatican City Vietnam Yemen

  9. Federal System • government that divides the powers between the national and state or provincial governments. • Examples: United States, Canada, and Russia

  10. Federation / Federal Ways Government Distributes Power RegionalAuthority RegionalAuthority Central Authority RegionalAuthority RegionalAuthority

  11. List of countries with Federal Governments (24) Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Brazil Canada Comoros Ethiopia Germany India Malaysia Mexico Micronesia Nigeria Pakistan Russia St. Kitts and Nevis South Africa Spain Switzerland United Arab Emirates United States of America Venezuela Countries in Transition to Federalism Iraq Sudan Countries Considering a Federal System Sri Lanka

  12. Confederation • a loose union of indepen-dent states

  13. Confederation Ways Government Distributes Power Regional Authority Regional Authority CentralAuthority Regional Authority Regional Authority

  14. Articles of Confederation • First adopted by Continental Congress in 1777 • Ratified- approved, in March 1781 • States wanted a confederation among the 13 states instead of a strong national government • Congress was the entire government; no federal executive or court

  15. Shays’s Rebellion • Armed groups of farmers, led by Daniel Shays, closed courts to prevent farms from being foreclosed • Were advancing to arsenal in Springfield before they were met by 4,000 militia • People began to wonder if a stronger government was necessary

  16. Constitutional Convention • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bO7FQsCcbD8 • John Greene Crash Course #8

  17. Interesting Facts of the Convention • 55 total delegates • Oldest delegate and signer: Benjamin Franklin • President of Convention: George Washington • “Father of the Constitution”: James Madison • All meetings were closed • Rhode Island was last state to ratify Constitution • Constitution finished and signed on September 17, 1787.

  18. Key Agreements • Limited and Representative Government • Power divided between 3 branches • Limit power of state to coin money • Strengthen National Government

  19. Bundle of Compromises 5 Compromises that changed our national identity and government http://www.regentsprep.org/regents/ushisgov/themes/government/convention.htm

  20. Connecticut (Great) Compromise 1) Virginia Plan (bigger states)- • Scrap Articles • Congress has two houses (each based on Population) 2) New Jersey Plan (smaller states)- • equality for smaller states • Congress has single house • keep Articles but create stronger central government

  21. Connecticut (Great) Compromise Cont. • Legislature have two parts: • House of Representatives-based on population • Senate-Two per state (elected by state legislators)

  22. Three-Fifths Compromise • 1/3 of southern states were African American • South wanted to count slaves as population but not for taxes, North wanted opposite • 3/5 of the enslaved people would be counted for both taxes and population

  23. Compromise on Slave Trade • North wanted government to regulate trade with other nations, South afraid they would interfere with slave trade • Could not ban slave trade till 1808

  24. Compromise on Commerce • Congress regulated interstate and foreign commerce • Could not impose export taxes because South feared Congress would cripple their economy

  25. Compromise on Executive (Presidency) • Electoral College System: indirect election of president by state electors • Presidents will serve 4 year terms • No limit on term limits (will be changed with 22 amendment in 1951)

  26. Federalist vs. Anti-Federalist Federalist View Anti-Federalist View • Favored the Constitution • Merchants and Cities • Strong national government • Bill of Rights not needed, 8 states already had one • Opposed the Constitution • Farmers and Laborers • Constitution drafted in secrecy • Extralegal (not sanctioned by law) • States Rights • Wanted a Bill of Rights

  27. People in the Debate Federalist Anti-Federalist

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