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French Revolution

French Revolution. Chapter 3 Section 3 Radical Days of the Revolution. Video. Click on www.khanacademy.org In the search box, type in “French Revolution (Part 3) – Reign of Terror” Watch the video Read the Powerpoint Answer the Powerpoint/Video questions. Radical Phase.

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French Revolution

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  1. French Revolution Chapter 3 Section 3 Radical Days of the Revolution

  2. Video • Click on www.khanacademy.org • In the search box, type in “French Revolution (Part 3) – Reign of Terror” • Watch the video • Read the Powerpoint • Answer the Powerpoint/Video questions

  3. Radical Phase • The French Revolution entered a frightening and bloody phase in 1793 • The war with Austria not going well for France • Some revolutionaries believed the king was supporting France’s enemies • Supporters of the monarchy wanted to restore the king’s power and end this revolution

  4. Radical Phase • August 10, 1792: a violent mob stormed the royal palace and slaughtered guards; royal family escaped • In September of 1792, citizens attacked prisons that held nobles and priests accused of political offenses (“September Massacre”) • 1200 prisoners (including ordinary criminals) were executed during the September Massacre

  5. New Rights • Radicals took control of the National Assembly and re-named it the National Convention • National Convention wanted to extend Suffrage to all male citizens, not just to those who owned property • The Convention that met in September, 1792 was a more radical body than earlier assemblies • The new Convention voted to abolish the monarchy and establish a French Republic (elected representatives) • Louis XVI tried to escape, was captured, returned to Paris, put on trial, and beheaded by guillotine in January, 1793 – a true traitor! • Queen Marie Antoinette was also guillotined in October, 1793.

  6. Queen Marie Antoniette

  7. Execution of King Louis XVI

  8. Committee of Public Safety • The Convention (former National Assembly) created the Committee of Public Safety (CPS) to deal with alleged “enemies of the revolution” (12 members) • CPS issued levee en masse, a tax that required all citizens to contribute to war effort • Maxmillien Robespierre (lawyer and politician) was the leader of CPS • Robespierre was chief architect of the bloody Reign of Terror (Sept. 1793-July 1794)

  9. Maxmillien Robespierre

  10. Reign of Terror • Sham courts conducted hasty trials for those suspected of resisting the revolution’s goals • 17,000 people were beheaded by the guillotine during Reign of Terror • Robespierre himself was eventually arrested and guillotined (July 28, 1794) • The convention, tired of the bloodshed, turned against the CPS and executed its radical leaders

  11. Guillotine

  12. Third Stage of Revolution(In Reaction to the Terror) • Moderate French reformers created a Constitution of 1795 (third since 1789) • The Constitution of 1795 established a five-man Directory (1795-1799) to rule France with a two-house legislature • Middle class and professionals dominated this 3rd stage of the French Revolution

  13. Discontent Grows • The Directory faced discontent among the population • War with Austria and Great Britain continued ; peace was made with Prussia and Spain • Rising bread prices caused the sans-culottes to riot • Some emigres threatened the power of the Directory because they favored a return of the former monarchy • The emigres who fled previously supported the monarchy and resented the measures taken against the Catholic Church.

  14. Napoleon Bonaparte • Popular military leader Napoleon Bonaparte emerged as new leader of France amidst the chaos

  15. 1799 • 10 year old French Revolution dramatically changed France—politically, socially, and economically • Dislodged the old social order (Ancien Regime destroyed) • Monarchy overthrown with monarchs executed • Church brought under French state control • New symbols (red liberty caps and tricolor flag) represented liberty/equality of all male citizens

  16. Nationalism • Nationalism (a strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s country) spread throughout France • Revolutionaries made social reforms: • set up systems to help the poor, • established state schools to replace religious ones, • organized systems to help the poor, old soldiers, and war widows • abolished slavery in France’s Caribbean colonies

  17. Powerpoint Questions • 1. What Committee did the Convention create? • 2. Who was in charge of the Committee of Public Safety? • 3. The guillotine of many people became a period in France known as the _____________. • 4. According to the video, what was the month of July renamed?_________________ • 5. How many persons were executed during this bloody stage of the French Revolution?

  18. Powerpoint Questions • 6. What did the Constitution of 1795 establish? (2 points) • 7. According to the video, name the artillery captain in Toulon who displayed military leadership. • 8. What was the tax that required all citizens to contribute to the war effort? • 9. According to the video, what did the Jacobins demand in July of 1791?

  19. The End

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