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Interphase

Interphase. Homologous pair of chromosomes in diploid parent cell. Chromosomes replicate. Homologous pair of replicated chromosomes. Sister chromatids. Diploid cell with replicated chromosomes. Meiosis I. Homologous chromosomes separate. 1. Haploid cells with

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Interphase

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  1. Interphase • Homologous pair of chromosomes • in diploid parent cell • Chromosomes • replicate • Homologous pair of replicated chromosomes • Sister • chromatids • Diploid cell with • replicated • chromosomes • Meiosis I • Homologous • chromosomes • separate • 1 • Haploid cells with • replicated chromosomes • Meiosis II • Sister chromatids • separate • 2 • Haploid cells with unreplicated chromosomes

  2. Telophase I and • Cytokinesis • Prophase I • Metaphase I • Anaphase I • Centrosome • (with centriole pair) • Sister chromatids • remain attached • Centromere • (with kinetochore) • Sister • chromatids • Chiasmata • Spindle • Metaphase • plate • Cleavage • furrow • Homologous • chromosomes • separate • Homologous • chromosomes • Microtubule • attached to • kinetochore • Fragments • of nuclear • envelope

  3. Prophase I Metaphase I Centrosome (with centriole pair) Centromere (with kinetochore) Sister chromatids Chiasmata Spindle Metaphase plate Homologous chromosomes Fragments of nuclear envelope Microtubule attached to kinetochore

  4. Telophase I and Cytokinesis Anaphase I Sister chromatids remain attached Cleavage furrow Homologous chromosomes separate

  5. Telophase II and Cytokinesis Prophase II Anaphase II Metaphase II Sister chromatids separate Haploid daughter cells forming

  6. Prophase II Metaphase II

  7. Telephase II and Cytokinesis Anaphase II Sister chromatids separate Haploid daughter cells forming

  8. MITOSIS • MEIOSIS • MEIOSIS I • Chiasma • Parent cell • Chromosome • replication • Chromosome • replication • Prophase I • Prophase • Homologous • chromosome • pair • 2n = 6 • Replicated chromosome • Metaphase I • Metaphase • Anaphase I • Anaphase • Telophase • Telophase I • Haploid • n = 3 • Daughter • cells of • meiosis I • MEIOSIS II • 2n • 2n • Daughter cells • of mitosis • n • n • n • n • Daughter cells of meiosis II

  9. SUMMARY • Mitosis • Property • Meiosis • DNA • replication • Occurs during interphase before • mitosis begins • Occurs during interphase before meiosis I begins • Number of • divisions • One, including prophase, metaphase, • anaphase, and telophase • Two, each including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and • telophase • Occurs during prophase I along with crossing over • between nonsister chromatids; resulting chiasmata • hold pairs together due to sister chromatid cohesion • Synapsis of • homologous • chromosomes • Does not occur • Two, each diploid (2n) and genetically • identical to the parent cell • Four, each haploid (n), containing half as many chromosomes • as the parent cell; genetically different from the parent • cell and from each other • Number of • daughter cells • and genetic • composition • Enables multicellular adult to arise from • zygote; produces cells for growth, repair, • and, in some species, asexual reproduction • Produces gametes; reduces number of chromosomes by half • and introduces genetic variability among the gametes • Role in the • animal body

  10. Possibility 2 • Possibility 1 • Two equally probable • arrangements of • chromosomes at • metaphase I • Metaphase II • Daughter • cells • Combination 1 • Combination 2 • Combination 3 • Combination 4

  11. Prophase I • of meiosis • Nonsister • chromatids • held together • during synapsis • Pair of • homologs • Chiasma • Centromere • TEM • Anaphase I • Anaphase II • Daughter • cells • Recombinant chromosomes

  12. Animations and Videos • Meiosis Tutorial • Meiosis - 1 • Meiosis - 2 • Stages of Meiosis • Anaphase Separase • Spermatogenesis • Production of Male and Female Gametes • Polar Body Formation

  13. Animations and Videos • Random Orientation of Chromosomes During Meiosis • Independent Assortment • Independent Assortment and Gamete Diversity • Alleles That Do Not Assort Independently • Comparison of Mitosis and Meiosis • Bozeman - Diploid vs. Haploid Cells • Activity- Mitosis and Meiosis • Bozeman - Mitosis and Meiosis Simulation

  14. Animations and Videos • Meiosis - Nondisjunction – 1 • Meiosis - Nondisjunction – 2 • Crossing Over • Changes in Chromosome Structure • The Consequence of Inversion • Bozeman - Cell Cycle (Mitosis and Meiosis) • X Inactivation • Bozeman - X Inactivation

  15. Animations and Videos • Density-Dependent Inhibition • Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Attack a Melanoma Cell • Metastasis of a Cancer • Amniocentesis Animation • Chorionic Villus Sampling • Karyotype Animation • Human Melanoma Cells Dividing • Chapter Quiz Questions – 1 • Chapter Quiz Questions – 2

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