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Interphase and M-Phase Chromosomes. Condensation of Chromatids. Kinetochore. Pg. 645. Kinetochore. Mitotic Spindle. Centrosome Duplication Cycle. Nuclear Lamina. Pg. 576. Microtubules. Mitotic Spindle. Metaphase. Anaphase. Pg. 641. +. Ub. Ub-Ub-Ub. Protein. Protein. Proteasome.
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Kinetochore Pg. 645
Metaphase Anaphase Pg. 641
+ Ub Ub-Ub-Ub Protein Protein Proteasome Peptides + Ub Ubiquitin-dependent Protein Degradation APC (Ubiquitin Ligase) Pg. 257
P Start of Anaphase
Myosin II - GFP Interphase Telophase Cytokinesis Cytokinesis Cytokinesis G1
Control Points in the Mitotic Cell Cycle Control at the G2/M Transition DNA Replication Control at the G1/S Transition
Cyclin Protein Levels Vary During the Cell Cycle
Cyclin/Cdk Complexes During the Cell Cycle Expression of M-cyclin Gene Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis Expression of S-cyclin Gene
Cyclin/Cdk Phosphorylates Rb Protein (RTK) (Ras-MAP Kinase) Activation of “S-Phase Genes”
Cyclin/Cdk Phosphorylates Cdc6 Protein and ORC
Cyclin/Cdk Complexes During the Cell Cycle Expression of M-cyclin Gene Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis Expression of S-cyclin Gene
P Cyclin/Cdk Phosphorylates APC M-Cyclin/Cdk
Active APC Inactivating the Cyclin/Cdk Complex
Cell Cycle Checkpoints Focus on p53 Checkpoint
Apoptosis in Digit Formation Pg. 625
Apoptotic Cell Normal Cell
Caspase Activation Pg. 627
Caspase Cascade Pg. 627
Release of Cytochrome C from Mitochondria Pg. 628
Apoptosis Pathways Type I Type II Intrinsic Pathway
Egg Cell and Sperm Cells Pg. 661
Asymmetric Cell Divisions of Meiosis (Metaphase II) (Mitosis)
50 µm “Cleavage” Divisions 8 cell Embryo (morula)
50 µm Blastocycst Uterus Inner Cell Mass (ICM) Blastocyst Blastocoel Trophoblast
Ectopic Expression of ey Gene Pg. 288
Expression of ey Gene in Leg Precursor Cells
Group of cells that give rise to adult wing Ectopic Expression of Mouse ey Gene Pg. 288