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Chapter 12 Sections 1 & 2

Chapter 12 Sections 1 & 2. The Effects of Peace on the Public • War leaves Americans exhausted; debate over League divides them • Economy adjusting: cost of living doubles; farm, factory orders down - soldiers take jobs from women, minorities - farmers, factory workers suffer

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Chapter 12 Sections 1 & 2

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  1. Chapter 12 Sections 1 & 2

  2. The Effects of Peace on the Public • • War leaves Americans exhausted; debate over League divides them • • Economy adjusting: cost of living doubles; farm, factory orders down • - soldiers take jobs from women, minorities • - farmers, factory workers suffer • • Nativism—prejudice against foreign-born people—sweeps nation • • Isolationism—pulling away from world affairs—becomes popular

  3. The Red Scare • • Communism—economic, political system, single-party government • - ruled by dictator • - no private property • 1919 Vladimir I. Lenin, Bolsheviks, set up Communist state in Russia • U.S. Communist Party forms; some Industrial Workers of the World join • Bombs mailed to government, businesses; people fear Red conspiracy • Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer takes action

  4. The Palmer Raids • • Palmer, J. Edgar Hoover hunt down Communists, socialists, anarchists • • Anarchistsoppose any form of government • • Raids trample civil rights, fail to find evidence of conspiracy

  5. Sacco and Vanzetti • Red Scare feeds fear of foreigners, ruins reputations, wrecks lives • 1920, Sacco and Vanzetti, Italian immigrants, anarchists, arrested • - charged with robbery, murder • - trial does not prove guilt • Jury finds them guilty; widespread protests in U.S., abroad • - Sacco, Vanzetti executed 1927

  6. Anti-Immigrant Attitudes • Nativists: fewer unskilled jobs available, fewer immigrants needed • Think immigrant anarchists and socialists are Communist • The Klan Rises Again • Bigots use anti-communism to harass groups unlike themselves • KKK opposes blacks, Catholics, Jews, immigrants, unions, saloons • - 1924, 4.5 million members • Klan controls many states’ politics; violence leads to less power

  7. The Quota System • • 1919–1921, number of immigrants grows almost 600% • • Quota system sets maximum number can enter U.S. from each country • - sharply reduces European immigration • • 1924, European arrivals cut to 2% of number of residents in 1890 • • Discriminates against southern, eastern Europeans • • Prohibits Japanese immigration; causes ill will between U.S., Japan • • Does not apply to Western Hemisphere; many Canadians, Mexicans enter

  8. The Teapot Dome Scandal • • Teapot Dome scandal—naval oil reserves used for personal gain • • Interior Secretary Albert B. Fallleases land to private companies • • Takes bribes; is first person convicted of felony while in cabinet • • August 1923, Harding dies suddenly • • VP Calvin Coolidge assumes presidency, restores faith in government

  9. Chapter 13 Section 1

  10. The New Urban Scene • 1920 census: 51.2% of Americans in communities of 2,500 or more • 1922–1929, nearly 2 million people leave farms, towns each year • Largest cities are New York, Chicago, Philadelphia • -In 1920s, people caught between rural, urban cultures • - close ties, hard work, strict morals of small towns • - anonymous crowds, moneymaking, pleasure seeking of cities

  11. The Prohibition Experiment • 18thAmendment launches Prohibition era • - supported by religious groups, rural South, West • • Prohibition—production, sale, transportation of alcohol illegal • • Government does not budget enough money to enforce the law • Speakeasies and Bootleggers • •Speakeasies (hidden saloons, nightclubs) become fashionable • • People distill liquor, buy prescription alcohol, sacramental wine • • Bootleggers smuggle alcohol from surrounding countries

  12. Organized Crime • Prohibition contributes to organized crime in major cities • Al Capone controls Chicago liquor business by killing competitors • 18thAmendment in force until 1933; repealed by 21st Amendment

  13. American Fundamentalism • • Fundamentalism—movement based on literal interpretation of Bible • • Fundamentalists skeptical of some scientific discoveries, theories • - reject theory of evolution • • Believe all important knowledge can be found in Bible • • Fundamentalist preachers lead religious revivals in South, West

  14. The Scopes Trial • •1925, Tennessee passes law making it a crime to teach evolution • • American Civil Liberties Union backs John T. Scopes challenge of law • • Clarence Darrow, most famous trial lawyer of day, defends Scopes • • Fundamentalist William Jennings Bryan is special prosecutor • • Scopes trial—debates evolution, role of science, religion in school • - national sensation; thousands attend • • Bryan admits Bible open to interpretation; Scopes found guilty

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