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Postwar China and India

Postwar China and India. China. 1911 Revolution ends Qing dynasty Sun Yat Sen is elected president, but powerful warlords throw the country into chaos Sun’s successor, Chiang Kai Shek (Jiang Jieshi), leads the GMD against the warlords, the Japanese, and the communists

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Postwar China and India

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  1. Postwar China and India

  2. China • 1911 Revolution ends Qing dynasty • Sun Yat Sen is elected president, but powerful warlords throw the country into chaos • Sun’s successor, Chiang Kai Shek (Jiang Jieshi), leads the GMD against the warlords, the Japanese, and the communists • Corruption in the GMD, and the exploitation of peasants, lead to its failure

  3. Meanwhile…Mao Zedong begins to organize the peasants • Believed that peasants, not industrial workers, were the key to reforming Chinese society • Chiang’s forces continue to attack the communists (nearly surround them) • In 1934, Mao leads 80,000 people on a year-long march to safety at Shaanxi; called the Long March • By 1945, the communists have strengthened and forced the GMD into exile in Taiwan (U.S. tried to help GMD) • Civil War over, communist government begins

  4. Goals of the Communist Revolution • Redistribution of land- goodbye landlords • Women’s rights: literacy, military involvement, land ownership, no arranged marriages or foot binding • Restricted Confucian traditions • New technology- 1964 atomic bomb • Equal distribution of wealth • Universal literacy • Eventually will seek to expel foreigners

  5. Early communism in China • In the beginning, open ideas and criticism of the government were encouraged • By 1957, the party cracks down on dissidents • The Great Leap Forward- Govt. controlled economic restructuring; attempts to localize industry and do away with any private enterprise (village-based industrialization) • Massive failure; millions starve • Mass Line approach

  6. Cultural Revolution- 1966-69 • Mao’s attempt to stifle political opposition. Teachers, professors jailed and sent to labor camps  • After this period, China reinvests in industry and the economy improves dramatically • China becomes more open to the west. Nixon visits China. U.S. and China become friends…kinda

  7. India • Gandhi • South Africa- racial discrimination • Non-violence • Civil-disobedience- fasts; salt march • Hindu-Muslim unity • End of Untouchability • Emphasis on peasants • Simple technology (spinning wheel) • Assassinated in 1948 by a religious extremist

  8. Gandhi Quotes • “I object to violence because when it appears to do good, the good is only temporary; the evil it does is permanent • “The weak can never forgive. Forgiveness is the attribute of the strong” • “An eye for eye will make the whole world go blind” • When asked by a reporter what he thought of western civilization, Gandhi replied “I think it would be a good idea” • “Generations to come will scarce believe that such a one as this ever in flesh and blood walked upon this earth” -Albert Einstein

  9. India gains its independence in 1947- democracy • The nation of Pakistan is created in 1947 with an officially Muslim government

  10. India since Independence • World’s largest democracy • First female Prime Minister- Indira Gandhi • Still very patriarchal- women far behind men in literacy rates • Green Revolution • Industrialization

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