Taxonomy

1. Taxonomy The process of describing the ways in which organisms are grouped according to similarities and differences

2. Carolus Linnaeus • Father of Taxonomy • Described organisms with two word names, instead of polynomials • Developed binomial nomenclature • First word = genus name • Second word = species name

3. Why binomial nomenclature? • Much easier than a 10+ word name under old “polynomial system” • Same name no matter where you go • Less confusion

4. Origami Time =) • Hotdog fold all eight of your squares

5. All organisms classified in a hierarchy • Kingdom (broadest) • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species (most specific)

6. Why is taxonomy useful? • Helps prevent confusion among scientists • Helps to show how organisms are related • Can be used to reconstruct phylogenies – evolutionary histories – of an organism or group (evolutionary classification)

7. Origami Time =) • Take your hotdog folded papers in fold the top corners of each square (like making a house)

8. A note on cladograms • Graph showing when different groups diverged from a common ancestral line • The bottom of the cladogram is the “root” which represents the common ancestor • Points where they diverge are often noted with a feature that was different between ancestral group and a “new” feature in the group that split off. • Where the cladogram splits is known as a “node”

9. Cladogram 3 this cladogram shows the evolutionary relationship among vertebrates. What can you tell me about the relationships? 1 this diagram shows a single ancestral lineage splitting into two. The point of the splitting is called a “node” in the cladogram. 2 which lineages are more closely related to each other?

10. Origami Time =) • Listen carefully as Ms. Campbell explains the perpendicular fold you are about to make

11. The 6 kingdoms • Prokaryotes • Archaebacteria • Eubacteria • Eukaryotes • Fungi • Protista • Animal • Plantae

12. Origami Time =) • Now that you have your perpendicular shapes, place two of them in your hands facing the same direction with the opening pointing downwards • Place the point of the paper in your right hand into the opening of the paper in your left hand • Fold the points of the left hand shape into the right hand shape to lock in place • Do this for all 8 shapes

13. Overview of the 6 kingdoms • Archaebacteria • Unicellular • Live in extreme environments • Cell walls without peptidoglycan • Autotroph or Heterotroph • Prokaryotic • Eubacteria • Unicellular • Prokaryotic • Cell walls with peptidoglycan • Autotroph or Heterotroph

14. Overview of the 6 kingdoms • Protista • Eukaryotic • Unicellular or multicellular • Known for cilia and flagella • Found in pond water • Some have cell walls of cellulose • Some have chloroplasts • Many are microscopic • Heterotroph or Autotroph

15. Overview of the 6 kingdoms • Fungi • Cell walls made of chitin • Eukaryotic • Most Multicellular/ some unicellular • Heterotrophs • Saprodes • Sessile

16. Overview of the 6 kingdoms • Plantae • Eukaryotic • Most Multicellular/some unicllular • Cell walls made of cellulose • Autotroph • Sessile • Animalia • Eukaryotic • Multicellular • No cell walls/no chloroplasts • Heterotrophs • Most motile/ some sessile

17. Show Me what you GOT!

18. Characteristics go here Kingdoms go here