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Office of Air and Radiation

Office of Air and Radiation. Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities July 2006. Innovative Programs. Trading and economic incentives CAIR, CAMR Acid Rain/NOx Budget Program Voluntary Partnerships Energy Star, Climate Leaders,… Tools for Schools,… Clean Schoolbus USA, Smart Way,…

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Office of Air and Radiation

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  1. Office of Air and Radiation Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities July 2006

  2. Innovative Programs • Trading and economic incentives • CAIR, CAMR • Acid Rain/NOx Budget Program • Voluntary Partnerships • Energy Star, Climate Leaders,… • Tools for Schools,… • Clean Schoolbus USA, Smart Way,… • Community-based programs, CARE (e.g. Charlotte, Cleveland) • Information-based programs-- e.g. AIRNOW, E-GRID, Green Vehicle Guide, PSAs • Early use of advanced technology-- e.g. low sulfur fuels, diesel retrofits, fuel cells, renewables • Regulatory flexibility – e.g., Early Action Compacts, Banking and Trading programs for engine manufacturers

  3. The Air & Radiation Program The Federal Role • Economic, air quality, and policy analysis • Set national standards with states/locals/tribes implementing • e.g., NAAQS, toxic air pollutants • Help states/locals/tribes attain standards with national programs • e.g., vehicle emission standards, acid rain program • Partner with Indian Tribes • e.g., CAA treats tribes like states • Provide tools for states, locals, tribes, and others • e.g., emission models, guidance, & grants • Global program • e.g., stratospheric ozone, climate

  4. Economic Growth and Emissions Decline

  5. Miscellaneous Power Plants are Significant Contributors to Public Health and Environmental Challenges Nitrogen Oxides Sulfur Dioxide Electric Power (22%) Electric Power (63%) Mercury Electric Power (37%) Electric power Industrial Processing Transportation Other stationary combustion * * Other stationary combustion includes residential and commercial sources.

  6. Emissions (2000) Phase 1 Cap Phase 2 Cap Total Reductions at Full Implementation Sulfur Dioxide (tons) 11 million 4.5 million (2010) 3 million (2018) 73% Nitrogen Oxides (tons) 5 million 2.1 million (2008) 1.7 million (2018) 67% Mercury (tons) 48 26 (2010) 15 (2018) 69% Clear Skies Act: Caps and Timing

  7. Major Reductions in SO2 Emissions and Acid Rain Actual Emissions SO2 emissions from power plants down by 5.5 million tons since 1990 Final Cap 17.3 Million Tons of SO2 15.7 11.9 11.2 10.2 8.95 10.2 Acid rain reduced by 25 – 40% Wet Sulfate Deposition Wet Sulfate Deposition Average 1989 - 1991 Average 2000 – 2002

  8. Air Toxic Emissions 1990-2007

  9. Mercury Challenges • Nationally • 60% of the mercury falling on the U.S. is coming from current U.S. man-made sources • Internationally • Mercury is transported regionally and globally • Reducing deposition in the U.S. to acceptable levels requires collaboration between the U.S. and other countries to reduce emissions

  10. On track to save 6.3 M US lives and avoid 299 M non-fatal skin cancer and 27.5 M cataract incidences Ozone Layer Protection Progress

  11. Climate Change: EPA Programs Produce Results Critical to Meeting President’s Goal • President’s goal to improve GHG intensity by 18% by 2012 (GHG intensity = tons of GHG/$GDP) • EPA's programs contribute: • 45 mmtce* annually to intensity improvement goal by 2012 • An additional 75 mmtce from sustained growth programs as reflected in the Administration’s baseline * MMTCE = million metric tons of carbon equivalent

  12. WSSD Partnership for Clean Indoor Air • Launched by EPA and partners at WSSD in 2002 • 3.2 billion people use solid fuels for energy -- # growing • Over 1.6 million deaths per year • 4th worst health risk in poor developing countries (#11 overall) • PCIA now has over 120 global partners • 10 Pilot Projects in Asia, Africa, and Latin America • Reduce indoor smoke by 50-80% • Reduce fuel use by 50% or more • Demonstrate effective approaches, share lessons, and scale up

  13. WSSD Partnership for Clean Fuels and Vehicles • WHO estimates urban air pollution leads to 800,000 premature deaths/year • In 2002, 88 countries still used lead in gasoline • Vehicles often contribute over 50% of urban air pollution. • PCFV now has over 80 partners from 32 countries • China: working with SEPA, Beijing EPB & others • Low sulfur fuels policy • Beijing diesel retrofit project • Advanced technologies and compliance strategies • Also active in Africa, Mexico, and Central America • Sub-Saharan Africa is has now phased out leaded gasoline • Sharing information and technologies with 81 countries

  14. Recently Enacted Legislation • Energy Bill • Address MTBE issue • Establish an EPA – implemented Renewable fuels program • Clean school bus program • Anti-truck idling program • Transportation Bill • Re-authorizes CMAQ Program • New flexibility on transportation conformity

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