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Cellular Transport: How Cells Eat and Drink

Discover how cells take in water and nutrients through the phospholipid bilayer membrane, and learn about passive and active transport processes like diffusion and endocytosis. Understand the movement of molecules in different solutions and cell behaviors in isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic environments. Explore facilitated diffusion and the roles of channel proteins in cellular processes.

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Cellular Transport: How Cells Eat and Drink

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  1. Cellular Transport

  2. Do Your Cells Eat and Drink? • Cells must take in water and nutrients in order to function. Mmm…..

  3. What part of the cell allows it to take in nutrients and water? Or…… PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER The CELL MEMBRANE!!!!!! Also known as….. PLASMA MEMBRANE

  4. What is the Cell Membrane Made Of? • Proteins and phospholipids

  5. What are the Proteins in the Cell Membrane? Carrier Channel Peripheral Integral

  6. SO….. How DO Your Cells Eat, Drink and be Merry?

  7. Cells move substances through the cell membrane by a process called transport • Two Types of Transport: • Passive Transport • Active Transport

  8. What is Passive Transport? • Diffusion • Requires no energy from cell. • Molecules move from high concentration to low concentration. • Molecules move with the concentration gradient.

  9. Why? • To reach equilibrium • Equal movement of molecules in all directions (into and out of the cell).

  10. Diffusion • How does it work?

  11. Osmosis • The diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane. • “Water wants to water “stuff” down” “Salt Sucks”

  12. 70% Water30% Dissolved Substances 100% Distilled Water 80% Water20% Dissolved Substances What would happen to the animal cells in each beaker?

  13. 80% H2O 20% “stuff” 100% Distilled Water 0% dissolved substances Which way did the water move? Hypotonic solution Hypertonic cell Why did the cell get so big?

  14. 80% H2O 20% “stuff” 80% Water20% Dissolved Substances Which way did the water move? Isotonic solution Isotonic cell Why did the cell stay the same size?

  15. 80% H2O 20% “stuff” 70% Water30% DissolvedSubstances Which way did the water move? Hypertonic solution Hypotonic cell Why did the cell get so small?

  16. Let’s look at what happens to your blood cells in the three different solutions: • Isotonic (equal) • Hypertonic (high) • Hypotonic (low) Turgor pressure Onion cells Osmosis in plants

  17. Facilitated Diffusion • Diffusion of large or polar molecule through protein channels. • “Helped Diffusion”

  18. REVIEW • What are the characteristics of passive transport? • Explain diffusion. Why does it occur? • Explain osmosis. Why does it occur? • What is the role of the channel protein in facilitated diffusion?

  19. Even MORE Review! • What happens to an animal cell when there are more dissolved substances on the outside of the cell? • The inside? • When there are equal amounts?

  20. Active Transport

  21. How is Active Transport different? • Active transport requires energy. • Molecules move from low concentration to high concentration • Molecules move againstconcentration gradient.

  22. What is this cell doing?

  23. Endocytosis • Cells bring in large particles using the cell membrane • There are 2 types: • Phagocytosis • Pinocytosis • Channel proteins are used to bring in large molecules.

  24. Phagocytosis • Your white bloods cells also do this. • This is the ingestion of large particles. Amoeba

  25. Pinocytosis • Tiny pockets form along cell membrane, and pinch off into vacuoles inside the cell. Sometimes called “Cell Drinking”

  26. Exocytosis • This is how the cell gets rid of waste.

  27. REVIEW • How is Active transport different from passive? Complete the chart. • What part of the cell is used to bring in particles? • How does a cell (including white blood cells) take in LARGE particles? • How does a cell take in small or liquid particles?

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