Hitler removes his opposition: Jan 1933-June 1934 QUIZ STARTER

1. Hitler removes his opposition: Jan 1933-June 1934 QUIZ STARTER When (month & year) did these events happen? (a) Hitler became Chancellor (b) The Reichstag Fire (c) The Enabling Act (d) The Night of the Long Knives? What % of the national vote/Reichstag seats did the Nazis have when Hitler became Chancellor? What was the name of the law passed by Hindenburg (using Article 48) shortly after the Reichstag Fire? Identify 2 effects of the Reichstag Fire. What did the Enabling Act enable Hitler to do? Identify 3 reasons why Hitler decided to kill Rohm and other leaders of the SA in the Night of the Long Knives. Identify two effects of the NOLK.

2. Jan 1933: Hitler becomes Chancellor Hitler’s RISE TO POWER 1921-33 Hitler SECURES POWER (removes opposition) 1933-34 1. Feb 1933: The Reichstag Fire 2. March 1933: The Enabling Act (Law) is passed 3. June 1934: The Night of the Long Knives – Hitler ensures that he has the German army’s support

3. The Enabling Act, March 1933

4. Which of these statements BEST sums up the effect of the Enabling Act/Law on Hitler’s power? • Hitler now had a majority so he could pass whatever laws he wanted. • There was no longer any Reichstag or President so Hitler could pass any laws he wanted. • There was now no Reichstag and the constitution had been altered to by-pass the President, so Hitler could pass any laws he wanted. • Hitler was now a dictator. He was answerable to no one and could pass any laws he wanted. • Hitler had complete power to pass any laws, but he had to be careful to keep voters on his side so he would stay in power.

5. Common mistakes: • The Enabling Act was passed by Hindenburg using Article 48. • The Enabling Act suspended civil liberties. • THINK! • Why don’t the two mistakes make sense? Why would they not happen? • Can you rewrite these statements so they are correct and accurate?

6. Explain the effects of the Enabling Act (1933) in Germany. (8 marks) Focus on the effects (impact) of the Enabling Act, not on what it was/how it was passed. With all 8 markers, aim for 2 points if you can To get B or above on explain the effects of Qs, try to explain the longer term significance of the effects. Explain the effects of x = what difference did x make?

7. QUESTION 1c: Explain the effects of……. (8 marks) One effect of x was…….. For example…….. (explain the effect using detailed knowledge). This led to..... (try to explain the longer term significance of the effect). • Explain the effects of the Enabling Act (1933) in Germany. • Effect 1: • The Reichstag was made redundant. • Hitler could now make laws without the Reichstag • No longer any need for the Nazis to focus on gaining a majority • Rival political parties silenced • Effect 2: • Turned Germany from a democracy into a dictatorship • Once silenced, rival parties would be outlawed – G would be a one party state • Hitler could alter the constitution as he wished and put his policies into effect without delay To reach an A*, link your two effects A second effect of x was…….. For example…….. (explain the effect using detailed knowledge). This led to..... (try to explain the longer term significance of the effect). Another way of reaching an A* on this Q is to link your two effects at the end, by writing a short conclusion explaining the link. You only need a conclusion if you’re aiming for an A* 10 mins

8. Explain how the Enabling Act (1933) changed the way Germany was governed. (8 marks) To get B or above on explain howqs, try to give an overview/the big picture at the end of each paragraph Focus on the impact of the Enabling Act on Germany, not the EA itself. With all 8 markers, aim for 2 points if you can

9. QUESTION 2 TYPE A: Explain how……. (8 marks) CHANGE/IMPACT One way in which x changed was… For example……. (use your knowledge to explain how events led to this change). This changed x because..... (sum up the impact of events on x). Explain how the Enabling Act (1933) changed the way Germany was governed. • Change 1: • The Reichstag no longer had any role in law- making. • Hitler could now make laws without the Reichstag • Rival political parties silenced, Hitler could rule as a dictator • Change 2: • Turned Germany from a democracy into a dictatorship • Once silenced, rival parties would be outlawed – G would be a one party state • Hitler could alter the constitution as he wished, permanently getting rid of civil liberties/freedoms and the role of President To reach an A*, link the ways in which x changed A second way in which x changed was… For example…… (use your knowledge to explain how events led to this change). This changed x because..... (sum up the impact of events on x). Another way of reaching an A* on this Q is to write a short conclusion explaining the link between the 2 ways in which x changed. You only need a conclusion if you’re aiming for an A* 10 mins

10. What was the Night of the Long Knives? • It’s when the SS killed the leading members of the SA (not the other way round!) • This secured Hitler the backing of the German army • Other, political opponents were murdered too – eg. von Schleicher and Gregor Strasser (a Nazi with strong socialist views) • Around 400 were killed in total

11. A British cartoon: “They salute with both hands, now!”

12. The Night of the Long Knives Can you explain 3 reasons why Hitler chose the army over the SA? The German army OR Stormtroopers (SA) ?

13. The 8 mark ‘explain why’ question Explain why Hitler acted against the Sturmabteilung (SA) on the Night of the Long Knives (30 June 1934). You need to be able to explain 2 out of 4 possible reasons…… • The SA were thuggish street brawlers. • They beat up political rivals, such as Communists, and started fights at rival parties’ election meetings. • Hitler, as Chancellor, needed to project a more responsible, respectable image. • Rohm (leader of SA) wanted to merge the SA and the army. • This would have put him in charge of more than 3 million men. • This would have enabled Rohm to challenge Hitler’s authority. • Rohm and the SA were calling for a ‘second revolution’. • They wanted the Nazi Party to follow a more socialist agenda – giving the workers more rights. • Hitler wanted to suppress socialism within the party – it threatened the sponsorship the Nazis received from big business. • Hitler knew that if he didn’t have the army’s support, the army could overthrow him in a coup. • Hitler also needed the army’s support to fulfil his rearmament and war aims. • The army generals resented Rohm and the SA.

14. QUESTION 1d: Explain why……. (8 marks) One reason why x was…….. For example…….. (explain the reason using detailed knowledge). This caused x because..... (try to explain why your reason led to x happening). Explain why Hitler acted against the Sturmabteilung (SA) on the Night of the Long Knives. To reach an A*, link your two reasons If you don’texplain how your reasons led to the outcome stated in the question, you won’t get above a C grade on the ‘explain why’ question. One reason why x was…….. For example…….. (explain the reason using detailed knowledge). This caused x because..... (try to explain why your reason led to x happening). Another way of reaching an A* on this Q is to write a short conclusion explaining the link between your 2 reasons OR which reason was the most important cause, and why. You only need a conclusion if you’re aiming for an A* 10 mins

15. The 8 mark ‘explain why’ question Explain why Hitler acted against the SA on the Night of the Long Knives (30 June 1934). One reason why Hitler acted against the SA was because he believed that the leaders of the SA were getting ‘too big for their boots’ and the main leader, Rohm, was searching for too much power. Rohm wanted to join the SA and the German Army together; this would make Rohm the most powerful man in Germany, putting him in charge of over 3 million men. Hitler saw Rohm as a threat. Therefore, Hitler got the SS to kill Rohm and some other SA leaders in order to neutralise this threat by leaving the SA leaderless. 6/8 marks (B) Here, the student has linked their reason (Rohm was a threat) to the outcome stated in the Q (Hitler acting against the SA in the NOLK).

16. Q1(a) What can you learn from source A about the power of the Nazis in Germany? (4 marks) Writing frame: Source A suggests that…….. I know this because it says……………(quote)

17. QUESTION 1a: What can you learn from source A about……. (4 marks) • This is an inference question. • This Q similar to the first Q on the Divided Union paper, but you only need to explain ONE inference, not two. • You should not use your own knowledge for this question. Instead develop your inference by giving a short quote to back it up. Source A suggests that….. I know this because it says…..(QUOTE) 5 mins

18. Other past exam questions about the NOLK (and the Reichstag Fire/Enabling Act): Explain how Hitler was able to overcome opposition to his government in the years 1933–34. (8 marks) Explain how Hitler dealt with opposition to his rule in the years 1933-34. (8 marks) Explain the effects of the Night of the Long Knives (1934). (8 marks)