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The Age of Absolutism

The Age of Absolutism. Spain: Unification. 1500’s: first modern European power Ferdinand and Isabella had unified the country Religion Culture Goals (Americas). Spain: Charles V. Grandson of F & I Ruled two empires: Hapsburg and Spain Fought religious wars vs. Protestants and Muslims

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The Age of Absolutism

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  1. The Age of Absolutism

  2. Spain: Unification • 1500’s: first modern European power • Ferdinand and Isabella had unified the country • Religion • Culture • Goals (Americas)

  3. Spain: Charles V • Grandson of F & I • Ruled two empires: Hapsburg and Spain • Fought religious wars vs. Protestants and Muslims • Becomes frustrated, quits, enters a monastery

  4. Spain: Philip II • Son of C the V • Ruled for 42 years • Palace was ‘Escorial’ • Hard worker, ambitious, and expanded Spanish influence

  5. Spain: Philip II • Centralized power to the throne • Defended the Catholic Reformation • Fought wars to spread Catholic power • #1 enemy was England

  6. Spain: War vs. England • Philip sent an armada to invade England • 130 ships, 20,000 men, lots of firepower • English ships were lighter and faster • English victory, devastating loss for Spain

  7. Spain: Decline • Begins with defeat of the Armada Reasons for decline: • Poor rulers • Costly overseas wars • Neglect of farming and commerce

  8. Spain: Golden Age • 1550 to 1650 • Brilliant art and literature • Don Quixote • Europe’s 1st modern novel • Mocks feudal past

  9. France: Henry IV • Huguenot prince • “A chicken in every pot” • Brought peace and unification to France • Religious toleration • Strong royal power • Assassinated in 1610

  10. France: Louis XIV • Became King at 5 yrs. old • Great grandson of Philip II • “Sun King” • “I am the state.” • Strengthened royal power • Built strong army

  11. France: Louis XIV • Built a palace at Versailles • Symbol of wealth and power • Rules for 72 years • Legacy: France is most powerful nation in Europe at time of his death

  12. France: Decline Reasons: • Costly wars • Revoking of Edict of Nanthes • Huguenots left France

  13. England: Parliament • Legislative body • Monarchs worked closely with Parliament • $$$$$$$ • Validity • Most often voted the way King/Queen wanted them to

  14. England: Monarch vs. Parliament • Stuarts take over the throne • James I clashes with Parliament • Starts collecting taxes on his own • Claimed absolute power • Charles I signed Petition of Right • Parliament must approve taxes • Charles ignored it • Parliament revolts

  15. England: Monarch vs. Parliament • Parliament tried and executed top officials • Leads to English Civil War

  16. England: Civil War • Why? Who holds the power: Parliament or Monarch? • Cavaliers: • Supported the King • Wealthy nobles • Well trained

  17. England: Civil War • Roundheads • Supported Parliament • Country and small town folk • Puritans • Led by Oliver Cromwell • Roundheads win • King Charles I executed and monarchy is abandoned

  18. England: Oliver Cromwell • Began a Commonwealth • Attacked Catholics, esp. in Ireland • Took title of Lord Protector • Virtual dictator • After his death, England welcomes back monarchy

  19. England: English Bill of Rights • William and Mary take over the throne • Glorious Revolution (bloodless) • Accepted the English Bill of Rights • Parliament was now more powerful than the monarch • Also gives rights to citizens • Right to a trial by jury, limited freedom of religion

  20. England: Constitutional Gov’t • Political Parties emerge • Whigs and Tories • Reform vs. old traditions • Cabinet System • Group of advisors for monarch • Prime Minister • Head of the cabinet • Leader of the majority party in House of Commons • Today: more power than monarch

  21. Austria and Prussia • Reading Guide

  22. Russia: Peter the Great • Gained power at 10 yrs old • Not well educated • Learned about Western Europe • Changes going on • Technology • Visited W. Europe

  23. Russia: Peter the Great • “Westernized” Russia • Brought in experts from Europe • Tough sell  became absolute monarch to force new ideas • Solidified control over nobles • Favorable laws • Harsh punishments for not changing customs (beards)

  24. Russia: Peter the Great • Lasting legacies: • Built St. Petersburg  “window to the West” • Created largest country in the world, expanding east • Did not end serfdom

  25. Russia: Catherine the Great • German princess, married to Russian heir • Russian heir assassinated; Catherine takes throne

  26. Russia: Catherine the Great • Embraced Western ideas • Ruthless monarch • More power to nobles, even less to peasants • Waged war against Ottoman Empire and won • Gained Black Sea port • Peter the Great unable to defeat Ottomans

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