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Administering Angels. International response to the 1915 Serbian Typhus Epidemic. Angela Bowen Potter IUPUI- WIMPS Presentation September 30, 2014. Kathleen Burke Scottish Women's Hospital Administering Angels. Administering Angel. Angels of Mercy. Organized Women.
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Administering Angels International response to the 1915 Serbian Typhus Epidemic Angela Bowen Potter IUPUI- WIMPS Presentation September 30, 2014
International Humanitarian Response to Typhus 3 Plans developed Typhus Defeated First Missions Retreat of Missions
Serbia Typhus Epidemic 1915International Humanitarian Relief Project • Conference Paper • Digital Map • Digital Timeline
The Balkan Campaigns 1914 2nd Balkan Campaign December 1914 1st Balkan Campaign July 1914
1914 British Efforts Flora Sandes British Volunteer with Mrs. Grujic 9/1914 First SRF Assistance 11/1914
British Red Cross in Serbia BRX in Skopje, 1915 BRX in Skopje, 1915
Typhus Epidemic New Discoveries Typhus
Scottish women’s Hospitals: “send us where we are most needed”January 1915 Telegraph, January 1915 Fundraising, January 1915
Valjevo “Sort the Living From the Dead” Emily Simmons, ARC
Developing a Coordinated Plan? 1. Skopje Plan- February 1915 • British Red Cross, Serbian Relief Fund and Serbian Civilian Government • Medical and Public Health Missions 2. RAMC Plan- February 1915 • British Royal Army Medical Corps, British Government and Serbian Military • Public Health & Education 3. Paris Plan- March 1915 • French, American and British Red Crosses and government • Divide Serbia into districts, with American and Brattish sectors
Skopje Plan- February 1915 Dr. Katherine McPhail, SWH British Red Cross, Serbian Relief Fund and Serbian Civilian GovernmentMedical and Public Health Missions
RAMC Plan- February 1915British Royal Army Medical Corps, British Government and Serbian Military Public Health & • Education
Dr. Elise Inglis Scottish Women’s Hospitals
Serbian Relief FundMarch 1915 Claire Stobart First Field Flying Hospital
Serbian Sanitary Relief CommissionAmerican red Cross and Rockefeller Foundation
Fall 1915 Before After
Remembering the Epidemic In Serbia
Remembering the Epidemic SWH SRF
Conclusions • Early example of a large scale international humanitarian effort. • Mission advanced the state of medical research and type of response to epidemics. Used later in the war. • Missions developed a new format of combining medical missions with public health efforts. • Response built broader commitments to the Serbian Front. • Demonstrated that women could serve on the front lines as doctors and nurses. • Analysis of the administration of the efforts show the role of World War I in the way relief administered. Shows the need of a lead agency to coordinate the effort.