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Periodisasi

SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN ILMU. Pra Yunani Kuno ( XV VII sm ) Yunani Kuno ( VII – II sm ) Zaman Pertengahan ( II – XIV ) Zaman Modern ( XVII – XIX ) Zaman Kontemporer ( XX - …..) Politik Nasional. Periodisasi. Catatan : Perkembangan ilmu bertahap >> Evolutif

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Periodisasi

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  1. SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN ILMU Pra Yunani Kuno ( XV VII sm ) Yunani Kuno ( VII – II sm ) Zaman Pertengahan ( II – XIV ) Zaman Modern ( XVII – XIX ) Zaman Kontemporer ( XX - …..) Politik Nasional Periodisasi

  2. Catatan : Perkembangan ilmu bertahap >> Evolutif Tiap periode >> punya ciri khas tertentu Perkembangan tidak terpusat di satu tempat Didorong rasa ingin tahu (Curiosity) Peninggalan Kuno (benda) Peninggalan >>Data Tertulis Pemahaman Gejala Alam Ringkasan Pra Yunani Kuno

  3. Alat dari batu Tulang Hewan Sisa Tanaman Gambar Gua Tempat Penguburan Tulang Belulang Manusia Purba Peninggalan Benda

  4. Gambar peristiwa tertentu >> di goa Pictographic Printing (konkrit) Similarity, analogy (gambar dari peristiwa yang sama) Hieroglif >> Tanda suku kata Abjad Kemampuan hitung (one to one correspondency/ mapping process) Peninggalan Data Tertulis

  5. Gugusan Bintang Kedudukan Matahari & Bulan Bintang bergerak diantara gugusan Perhitungan hari Perhitungan bulan Perhitungan tahun Gejala alam >> Gerhana Pemahaman Gejala Alam

  6. Know how berdasar pengalaman Pengetahuan diterima sbg fakta >> receptive mind Kemampuan abjad & bilangan alam >> abstraksi Kemampuan menulis, berhitung, kalender >> sintesa abstraksi Kemampuan meramal peristiwa RINGKASAN

  7. - Arkhe >> alam semeste = air - Perennial problems / significant Question - Konsep tentang perkembangan, evolusi genesis - Dalil Phytagoras > a2+b2 = c2 - Teori Bilangan (genap; ganjil; prime number; hub. Natural number dan bilangan ganjil) - Pembentukan benda berdasar segitiga - Hubungan nada dan panjang dawai - Tidak meninggalkan tulisan - Maieutike Tekhne (Ilmu Kebidanan) >> Metode Dialektika Thales (624-548 sm) Phytagoras (580-500 sm) Socrates (470-399 sm) Yunani Kuno I

  8. - Konsep Materialistik-monistik >> atom - Konsep Dinamika perkembangan >>> prinsip dinamika - Konsep murni ilmiah >> gerak intrinsik - Konsep kebetulan >>> tanpa tujuan - The one X The Many - Being X Becoming - Dunia ide X dunia kenyataan - Kepastian matematik >> kesempurnaan ide - Metafisika >> being as being - Logika >>inferensi; syllogisme; premis; Conclusion - Biologi >>> Observasi Democritos (460-370 sm) Plato (427-347 sm) Aristoteles (384-322 sm) Yunani Kuno II

  9. Aktivitas Ilmu diabdikan ke agama >>> Ancila Theologiae • Perkembangan Peradaban Islam : • Bani Umayyah >> astronomi • Khalifah Al Makmun >> Aljabar; Arithmatica; decimal • Omar Khayam >> Perbintangan, matematik; persamaan pangkat 3 • Ibnu Sina; Al Razi >> Kedokteran • Al Idris >> peta Zaman Pertengahan

  10. Roger Bacon >> pengalaman empirik • Copernicus >> Heliosentrisme • Tycho Brahe >> Komet (Lintasan Circle) • Johannes Keppler >> gerak benda angkasa >> lintasan elips • Galileo Galilei : • Observation • Elimination • Prediction • Measurement • experiment Zaman Renaisance

  11. - Ortogonal Coordinate System • - Analytic Geometry • - Metode Berfikir filsafat (fenomenologi) • Teori Gravitasi • Calculus (Diferensial/integral) • Optik • Teori Evolusi • - Struggle for life • - Survival of the fittest • Elektron Rene Descartes Issac Newton Charles Darwin JJ. Thomson ZAMAN MODERN

  12. Spesialisasi ilmu >>> Sub spesialis Sintesis antar bidang ilmu : bioteknologi, psikolinguistik dll. Zaman Kontemporer

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