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Anatomy of Plants

Anatomy of Plants. Chapter 4. Prokaryotes. No membrane enclosed organelles Considered primitive Examples: Bacteria & Blue green algae. Eukaryotes. Organelles bound with membranes Organelles such as: nucleus, mitochondria, vacuoles etc. Examples: plant & animal. Cell Walls.

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Anatomy of Plants

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  1. Anatomy of Plants Chapter 4

  2. Prokaryotes • No membrane enclosed organelles • Considered primitive • Examples: Bacteria & Blue green algae

  3. Eukaryotes • Organelles bound with membranes • Organelles such as: nucleus, mitochondria, vacuoles etc. • Examples: plant & animal

  4. Cell Walls • Made of hemicellulose • Protects the organelles • Give structure and support • Secondary cell walls are made up of cellulose, pectic, suberin, cutin, and lignins

  5. Plasma Membrane • The lipid bilayer membrane surrounding the cytoplasm • Selective absorption

  6. Protoplast • Refers to the inside of the cell • Cytoplasm: • The fluid surrounded by plasma membrane • Made up of proteins • Suspends the organelles

  7. Organelles • Internal structures within the protoplast

  8. Chloroplasts • Responsible for photosynthesis • Contains pigments • Solar energy is harvested • Made up of flattened discs called grana • Double membranes plastids

  9. Mitochondria • The manufacturing plant • Site of respiration • Involved in producing ATP • Double membrane surrounding it

  10. Nucleus • Control center of the cell • Contains chromosomal DNA • Double membrane which is porous to allow material to pass in and out of the nucleus

  11. Vacuoles • 90% in mature cells • Storage devices • Water, Sugar, Salts, and toxic waste

  12. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) • Site of protein synthesis • Two types: Rough ER has ribosomes and Smooth ER does not have ribosomes

  13. Ribosomes • Decodes DNA • Contains RNA

  14. Golgi Apparatus (Body) • Membrane bound • Packages energy • Delivers packaged energy to different parts of the cell

  15. Tissues • Meristems • Apical • Subapical • Intercalary • Lateral/cambial

  16. Permanent Tissue • Epidermis • Parenchyma • Collenchyma, support function • Sclerenchyma, they make plant fibers or gritty cell like in pears

  17. Complex Permanent Tissue • Xylem • Phloem

  18. Structure of Primary Root

  19. Structure of Primary Stem

  20. Structure of leaves

  21. Cell DivisionInterphaseProphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseTelophase

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