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ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS

ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS. PREPARED BY G.K.VINAYAGAM PGT BIO K V II BGM. www.cbse123.co.cc. PLANT TISSUES. TYPES OF MERISTEM. PARENCHYMA. cells are isodiametric. may be spherical , oval , round , polygonal or elongated.

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ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS

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  1. ANATOMY OF FLOWERING PLANTS PREPARED BY G.K.VINAYAGAM PGT BIO K V II BGM www.cbse123.co.cc

  2. PLANT TISSUES

  3. TYPES OF MERISTEM

  4. PARENCHYMA • cells are isodiametric. • may be spherical , oval , round , polygonal or elongated. • Cells closely packed or have small intercellular spaces. • Cell walls are thin. • Function-photosynthesis ,storage , secretion.

  5. PARENCHYMA

  6. COLLENCHYMA • Occurs below epidermis as homogenous layer or patches. • Cell walls are thick at the corner due to deposition of cellulose,hemicellulose & pectin. • Cells are oval, spherical & polygonal and contain chloroplasts • Intercellular spaces absent. • Function-mechanical support of growing parts.

  7. COLLENCHYMA

  8. SCLERENCHYMA • Long narrow cells with thick & lignified cell walls with few or more pits . • Dead cells without protoplast. • Cell may be either fibres or sclereids. • Fibres occur in groups, thick walled, elongated and pointed cells .sclereids are spherical or oval highly thickened cells with very narrow lumen ,found in nuts wall & fruit pulps. • Function-mechanical support to organs .

  9. XYLEM-COMPLEX TISSUE • Composed of four kinds of elements-trachieds,vessels, xylem fibres & xylemparenchyma. • Trachieds are elongated tube like dead cells with thick lignified walls and tapering ends. • Vessels are long ,cylindrical lignified dead cells with large central cavity.vessels are inter connected through perforations in their walls. • Xylem fibres have highly thickened walls &obliterated central lumens. • Xylem parenchyma-living & thin walled cells.

  10. COMPONENTS OF XYLEM G.K.Vinayagam

  11. FUNCTION OF XYLEM • Trachieds-main water conducting tissue of angiosperm and gymnosperm. • Vessels-main water transporting element of angiosperm. • Xylem parenchyma-store food & other substances like tannins and conducts water Radially. • Provides mechanical strength to plants.

  12. ENDARCH PRIMARY XYLEM OF STEM

  13. EXARCH PRIMARY XYLEM OF ROOT

  14. PHLOEM • Elements-sieve tube, companion cells, phloem parenchyma & phloem fibers. • Sieve tube-long,tube like,associated with companion cells, lacks nucleus. • Companion cells-specialised parenchyma,closely associated with sieve tube,nucleated. • Phloem fibres(bast fibres)-sclerechymatous thick walled dead cells.e;g jute,flax,hemp. • Phloem parenchyma-elongated ,cylindrical , nucleated cells having pits.

  15. COMPONENTS OF PHLOEM G.K.Vinayagam

  16. FUNCTIONS OF PHLOEM • transports food from leaves to other plants. • phloem parenchyma stores food and other substance like resin,latex & mucilage. • phloem fibres are used commercially. • companion cells maintains pressure gradient in sieve tube cells.

  17. TISSUE SYSTEM OF PLANTS

  18. EPIDERMAL TISSUE SYSTEM • consists of epidermal cells, stomata & epidermal appendages such as trichomes and root hair. • Epidermis-single layered,compactly arranged cells.cuticle, the waxy layer sometimes cover epidermis.epidermis is the outer most covering of all plant parts.cuticle checks water loss. • Stoma consists of two guard cells & subsidiary cells together form stomatal apparatus.regulate transpiration & gaseous exchange. • Root hair-unicellular,absorb water & minerals. • Trichomes-multicellular,branched or unbranched present in shoot system.prevent loss of water .

  19. Stomata with dumb-bell shaped guard cell Epidermal cells Guard cells Stomatal aperture chloroplast Subsidiary cells

  20. STOMA

  21. STOMATA

  22. GROUND TISSUE SYSTEM • Consists of parenchyma, collenchyma & sclerenchyma. • Cortex, pericycle, pith & medullary rays contain ground tissue. • Mesophyll cells of leaf are ground tissues.

  23. VASCULAR TISSUE SYSTEM

  24. TYPES OF VASCULAR BUNDLE • In the monocotyledons, the vascular bundles have no cambium present in them. • Hence, since they do not form secondary • tissues they are referred to as closed. G.K.Vinayagam

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