English 3: Final Exam Review 2013-2014

1. English 3: Final Exam Review2013-2014 Literary Terms and Concepts

2. Religious Group • Fled England • Settled in Massachusetts Bay Colony • Wanted to PURIFY the church • Spread hysteria through Salem Witch Trials • PURITANS

3. Puritanism • A religious-based government • THEOCRACY

4. Puritanism • A person’s afterlife is determined before birth • PREDESTINATION

5. Puritanism • Individuals or groups who will go to Heaven • THE ELECT

6. Puritanism • A speech delivered by a minister to a congregation • SERMON • Example: “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” by Jonathan Edwards

7. Literary Movement • Individualism/Non-Conformity • Intuition • Nature • Self-Reliance • TRANSCENDENTALISM • Writers: • Ralph Waldo Emerson • Henry David Thoreau

8. Transcendentalism • The force that connects all things in the universe • THE OVERSOUL

9. Literary Term • When changes in the weather or setting reflect the attitude of the characters or society • PATHETIC FALLACY

10. Literary Term • Long speech • Speaker addresses other characters • Speaker is hesitant to reveal the truth • MONOLOGUE

11. Literary Term • Long speech • Speaker addressees the audience • Speaker reveals the truth • SOLILOQUY

12. Hamlet • Place of cleansing • Between Heaven and Hell • The “stop” before Heaven • PURGATORY

13. Literary Term • A scene in a play that serves as a “breather” from all the tragic events that have occurred • COMIC RELIEF • Example: The gravedigger scene in Hamlet

14. Literary Term • A part of a story that describes or shows something that happened in the past • FLASHBACK

15. Literary Term • A concrete object that has an abstract meaning • SYMBOL

16. Literary Term • A recurring object or idea in a work of literature • MOTIF

17. Literary Term • A reference to another work of literature, especially myths and the Bible • ALLUSION

18. Literary Term • A comparison using the words “like” or “as” • SIMILE

19. Literary Term • An outcome of events contrary to what was expected • IRONY

20. Literary Term • When an object takes on human characteristics • PERSONIFICATION

21. Literary Term • An overused expression • CLICHÉ

22. Literary Term • A conclusion reached by the reader on the basis of evidence and reasoning • INFERENCE

23. Literary Term • A puzzling question posed as a problem to be solved • RIDDLE

24. Setting • Time and Place • Layers of Setting: • Microsytem (small) • Mesosystem (medium) • Macrosystem (large)

25. Microsystem • The setting closest to a person/character • Family/Home • Friends • Neighborhood • Place of Worship • School/Sports Team

26. Mesosystem • This surrounds the character but does not necessarily affect him/herdaily • Government (laws, acts, funded programs) • Media (TV, film, news, newspapers, magazines, literature) • Geographic location larger than the neighborhood (county, state, region)

27. Macrosystem • The global level of a person or character’s setting • Country • International relations (war, diplomacy, terrorism)

28. Let’s practice! • Example: Hamlet • Micro: • Castle Elsinore • Meso: • Monarchy • Macro: • Denmark’s Conflict with Norway(Fortinbras)

29. Personal Pronouns • First Person: “I” • Second Person: “You” • Third Person: “He,” “She,” “It”

30. Social Sciences • Psychology: the study of the human mind and behavior • Sociology: the study of social relationships

31. Oxymoron • Contradictory terms that work together • Examples: • civil war • icy hot • True Lies

32. Paradox • A statement that contradicts itself but it may be true • Example: It is a paradox that computers need maintenance so often, since they are meant to save people time.

33. Hyperbole • An exaggeration used for emphasis • Example: When the glass fell on the floor, it shattered into a million pieces.

34. Logical Fallacy • An error in reasoning • An incorrect argument in logic • Examples: • The majority of people like soda.  Therefore, soda is good. • When the rooster crows, the sun rises.  Therefore, the rooster causes the sun to rise.