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Jacksonian America

Jacksonian America. Chapter 6 Section 1 Objective: 2.3 – Distinguish between the economic and social issues that led to sectionalism & nationalism . Andrew Jackson. 1829 - 1837. Election of 1828. Andrew Jackson (Democrat) vs. John Q. Adams (rerun of 1824 election).

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Jacksonian America

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  1. Jacksonian America Chapter 6 Section 1 Objective: 2.3 – Distinguish between the economic and social issues that led to sectionalism & nationalism

  2. Andrew Jackson 1829 - 1837

  3. Election of 1828 Andrew Jackson (Democrat) vs. John Q. Adams (rerun of 1824 election). Both candidates engaged in “mudslinging” Jackson won the presidency-carried all southern & western states. 1st President from the “new west”- Tenn.

  4. Jacksonian America • Portrayed himself as the common man • Little education, orphaned at age 14, 5 duels-killed 1 man • Common man more powerful in politics • Early 1800’s -States eliminated of property requirements to vote= all white men allowed to vote (increased “suffrage”) • 1824 election=355,000 voted; 1828= 1.1 million voted • Spoils System – to give government jobs to supporters regardless of qualifications • Jackson fired everyone and gave jobs to political allies. • Replaced the Caucus system of choosing presidential candidates with the National Nominating Conventions

  5. What does suffrage mean? • Right to vote • A group that suffers • A person that suffers • An unrighteousness 25 of 28

  6. Who are these guys? Andrew Jackson (President) John Calhoun (Vice-President) Henry Clay (Kentucky Congressman)

  7. *The Nullification Crisis • Economy was weakening – • Cotton prices were dropping to all time lows • Tariffs meant high prices on goods (mostly for Southerners & westerners) • Tariff of Abominations (1828)-passed by Congress • South Carolina – John Calhoun (VP) calls for nullification of the law • Jackson believed nullification would destroy the U.S. • South Carolina threatened secession if the tariff wasn’t repealed

  8. The Debate Over Nullification • Could a state defy a federal law ??? • The South Carolina Exposition and Protest (Vice-President John C. Calhoun)- essay declared that states had a right to declare a federal law “null” (not valid)= nullification. • The Webster v. Hayne Senate Debates (1830) Robert Hayne (SC) – the Union is no more than a voluntary association of states (state’s rights). Daniel Webster (Mass.)- believed in preservation of the Union would best preserve LIBERTY. “Liberty and Union, now and for ever, one and inseparable!”

  9. Jackson Defends the UNION! • 1832- Congress passed another tariff law (which actually cut tariff rates a little). • South Carolina adopted ordinance of nullification (Tariffs of 1828 & 1832 unconstitutional) • 1833- The Force Bill: Congress authorized the president to use force.

  10. Clay Saves the Day!! • Tensions rose • Senator Henry Clay (Kentucky) –pushed a bill through Congress to gradually lower the nation’s tariffs until 1842. • South Carolina cancelled their Nullification ordinance. • Conflict AVOIDED!!

  11. Jackson’s Policy towards Native Americans • Jackson had fought Indians (Creek & Seminoles); inaugural speech proclaimed removal of Indians to Great Plains. • Indian Removal Act (1830)-pushed by Jackson • Remove all Native Americans & send to the great plains • Worcester v Georgia (1832) • Cherokee of Georgia & NC sued the US • Chief Justice John Marshall – ruled in favor of Indian property rights • Jackson refused to enforce it-”Marshall has made his decision, let him enforce it”. • 1838- Trail of Tears – US military forced removal of the Cherokee to Oklahoma (4,000 died); by 1838- most eastern Indian tribes had been moved to the Great Plains-reservations.

  12. The Election of 1832 • The Bank of the United States- became a major issue! • The Whigs – a new party!! • Northern • Jackson won in a landslide • 1st presidential candidate to be nominated by his PARTY through nominating convention.

  13. Jackson’s “War” against the BANK OF THE US • Before the election of 1832-Jackson’s opponents in Congress passed a bill extending the life of the US Bank for ANOTHER 20 years- Jackson made it a major issue. • Jackson disliked the National Bank & set out to destroy it= considered it a monopoly WHICH benefitted the wealthy; also unconstitutional (in spite of McCulloch v. Maryland) • Jackson’s “Pet Banks” • Jackson took federal government money out of National Bank • Placed the money in small state owned banks =his" pet banks” • Eventually killing the 2nd Bank of the United States= financial woes later

  14. Election 1836 Election of 1836 Martin Van Buren • Whigs nominated 3 candidates • Democrat – MartinVan Buren -winner • Panic of 1837 – recession that dominated his presidency • Trail of Tears – he carried out forced removal of Indians west of the Mississippi. 1837 - 1841

  15. Election of 1840 • Election of 1840 • Whigs – William Henry Harrison & John Tyler • Tippecanoe & Tyler too! • William Henry Harrison won! • Dies 32 days later-pneumonia • John Tyler became president-opposed most Whig policies

  16. Pres. John Tyler Foreign Policy Achievements • Webster AshburtonTreaty- 1842 • The US & Britain agree to Set border between Canada & Maine.

  17. A Changing Culture • 1815-1860: Over 5 million immigrants arrived in the US Irish Immigration • Almost 2 million (largest group) • Fleeing a potato famine in Ireland (1845) • Arrived with little or no money or skills • Settled in industrial cities (Northeast)

  18. German Immigration • Fleeing violence & oppression in Germany

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