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The Internet

The Internet. OBJECTIVES. Describe how the Internet works Recognize how graphics, animation, audio, video, and virtual reality are used on the World Wide Web Identify the tools required for Web publishing Describe the uses of electronic commerce (e-commerce).

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The Internet

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  1. The Internet

  2. OBJECTIVES • Describe how the Internet works • Recognize how graphics, animation, audio, video, and virtual reality are used on the World Wide Web • Identify the tools required for Web publishing • Describe the uses of electronic commerce (e-commerce)

  3. Explain how e-mail, FTP, Telnet, newsgroups, mailing lists, and chat rooms work • Identify the rules of netiquette • Understand security precautions for the Internet • Explain how network computers are used

  4. NETWORK & THE INTERNET • Network : a collection of computers and devices connected together via communications media and devices such as cables, telephone lines, modems or other means. • When you r computer is connected to a network, you are said to be online. • Computers are networked together so users can share resources, such as hardware devices, software programs, data and information • LAN & WAN • The World largest network is the Internet

  5. THE INTERNET • Worldwide group of connected networks that allow public access to information and services • No single organization owns or controls • Estimated 100 million users

  6. *Backbone : a high speed network that connects regional and local networks HISTORY OF THE INTERNET • Started as a network of four computers at the University of California at Los Angeles in 1969 • Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) - ARPANET • 35 million computers today • Backbone* first provided by National Science Foundation (NSF) : NSFnet

  7. HISTORY OF THE INTERNET • NSFnet served as major backbone until 1995 (backbone is a high speed network that connects regional and local networks to the Internet) • Backbone now provided by variety of corporations • Various organizations help define standards

  8. HOW THE INTERNET WORKS • Internet Service Providers (ISP) and Online Services • Have permanent connections to the Internet • Provide temporary connections to individuals and companies for a fee • Local and national ISPs

  9. HOW THE INTERNET WORKS • Connecting to the Internet • Business or school network connected to the Internet • Dial-up access • ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) • Cable modems

  10. HOW THE INTERNET WORKS • How Data Travels the Internet • Server • Client • Packets • Routers • Packet switching • TCP-IP (transmission control protocol/Internet protocol)

  11. HOW THE INTERNET WORKS • How Data Travels the Internet • Your Computer+modem • Local ISP • National ISP • Network Access Points (NAPs) • Metropolitan Area Exchanges (MAEs) • National ISPs (backbone providers)

  12. HOW THE INTERNET WORKS • Internet Addresses • IP (Internet protocol) address • Geographic region • Company or organization • Computer group • Specific computer • Domain name (text version of one or more IP addresses) • Top-level domain (TLD) abbreviation : identifies the type of organizations (com, edu …) • Country codes included in domain names for international Web pages

  13. HOW THE INTERNET WORKS • Internet Addresses • Domain names are registered in Domain name system (DNS) • DNS are stored in Internet Computers called Domain name system servers (DNS servers). DNS servers translates domain names into its associated IP address

  14. THE WORLD WIDE WEB • WWW • Started in 1991 • World Wide collection of electronic documents that have built-in hyperlinks to other related documents • Each Web Page has a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) • Electronic document on WWW : Web page

  15. THE WORLD WIDE WEB • A collection of related Web Pages is called a site • Each Web Site has a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) • Hypertext transfer protocol (http://) : the communications protocol used to transfer pages on the Web

  16. THE WORLD WIDE WEB • Web Server : a computer that delivers (serves) requested Web pages • Web Master : individual responsible for developing Web Pages and maintaining a Web Site • Web Pages are created and formatted using hypertext markup languages (HTML)

  17. THE WORLD WIDE WEB • Search Engines • Directory maintained by a search engine company • Helps find information on the Web

  18. THE WORLD WIDE WEB • Multimedia on the Web • Web pages incorporate color, sound, motion, and graphics with text • Plug-ins : applications that run multimedia elements within the browser • Helper applications: applications that run multimedia elements in a window separate from the browser

  19. THE WORLD WIDE WEB • Multimedia on the Web • Java : programming language developed by Sun Microsystems • Applets: small programs that can be downloaded and run in the browser window • ActiveX controls : same as applets

  20. THE WORLD WIDE WEB • Multimedia on the Web • Graphics • Used to enhance the text-based Internet

  21. THE WORLD WIDE WEB • Multimedia on the Web • Graphics • Used to enhance the text-based Internet • Graphics formats

  22. THE WORLD WIDE WEB • Multimedia on the Web • Graphics • Used to enhance the text-based Internet • Graphics formats : JPEG, GIF are graphical images saved using compressing techniques to reduce the file size for faster downloading from the Web • Thumbnails: small versions of a larger graphical image that usually can click to display the full sized image

  23. THE WORLD WIDE WEB • Multimedia on the Web • Animation • Marquees

  24. THE WORLD WIDE WEB • Multimedia on the Web • Animation • Marquees • Animated GIF

  25. THE WORLD WIDE WEB • Multimedia on the Web • Audio • WAV and AU formats • Streaming audio : is a process that enables one to listen to the sound while it downlloads on your computer • RealAudio : one accepted standard for transmitting audio data on the Internet • Internet telephony • Internet telephony video

  26. THE WORLD WIDE WEB • Multimedia on the Web • Video • Streaming video : as with streaming audio • RealVideo : as with RealAudio • Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG) : standard for video compression (.mpg extension used for the files)

  27. THE WORLD WIDE WEB • Multimedia on the Web • Virtual Reality • Simulation of real or imagined environment that appears as a three-dimensional (3-D) space • Virtual reality modeling language (VRML) used to develop WebBased VR • VRML browser or a VRML plug-in to a Web Browser is needed to view a VR World

  28. ELECTRONIC COMMERCE • Conducting business activities online • Electronic money (e-money) • Electronic data interchange (EDI) • Eliminates middleman • Electronic wallets

  29. WEB PUBLISHING • Personal Web pages • Hypertext markup language (HTML) • Tags

  30. WEB PUBLISHING • Personal Web pages • Hypertext markup language (HTML) • Tags • Web page created with HTML

  31. WEB PUBLISHING • Personal Web pages • Hypertext markup language (HTML) • Tags • Web page created with HTML • World Wide Web Hypertext Animation

  32. WEB PUBLISHING • Personal Web pages • Hypertext markup language (HTML) • Tags • Web page created with HTML • World Wide Web Hypertext Animation • Web authoring software • Word processing packages

  33. WEB PUBLISHING • Personal Web pages • Hypertext markup language (HTML) • Web page created with HTML • World Wide Web Hypertext Animation • Web authoring software • Word processing packages • Sophisticated authoring packages

  34. WEB PUBLISHING • Web hosting services • Uploading your Web Page • Submissions service

  35. OTHER INTERNET SERVICES • E-mail • Primary communication method for both personal and business use

  36. OTHER INTERNET SERVICES • E-mail • Primary communication method for both personal and business use • E-mail programs

  37. OTHER INTERNET SERVICES • E-mail • Primary communication method for both personal and business use • E-mail programs • E-mail address

  38. OTHER INTERNET SERVICES • E-mail • Primary communication method for both personal and business use • E-mail programs • E-mail address • Mail box on the Mail server • SMTP (simple mail transfer protocol) used to send send a message

  39. OTHER INTERNET SERVICES • E-mail • POP (Post Office Protocol) and POP3 used to retrieve an e-mail from the mail server • encoding

  40. OTHER INTERNET SERVICES • FTP • FTP (file transfer protocol) sites and servers • Allows file downloads and uploads • Anonymous FTP : anyone can transfer some or all files available • FTP programs provided usually by the ISP or it can be downloaded from the internet

  41. OTHER INTERNET SERVICES • Telnet (program or command) • Log into remote computers • Access remote databases, directories, and library catalogs

  42. OTHER INTERNET SERVICES • Newsgroups • Collection of newsgroups is called Usenet • Newsreader • Posting • Threads of discussion

  43. OTHER INTERNET SERVICES • Newsgroups : on line are in which users conduct written discussions about a particular group • Collection of newsgroups is called Usenet • Newsreader : program used to participate in a newsgroup , ususlly included in browsers • Posting • Newsgroup categories

  44. OTHER INTERNET SERVICES • Mailing Lists • Group of e-mail names and addresses given a single name • Subscribing and unsubscribing

  45. OTHER INTERNET SERVICES • Chat Rooms • Real-time conversation that takes place on a computer • Chat clients : programs that allows you to connect to a chat server • IRC (Internet relay chat) • Microsoft Chat

  46. OTHER INTERNET SERVICES • Portals • A Web site designed to offer a variety of Internet services from a single convenient location • Free services • Search engine • News • Weather • Sports • E-mail, shopping, and chat rooms

  47. NETIQUETTE • Internet etiquette • The code of acceptable behaviors users should follow while on the Internet • :) :( :| :o FYI BTW TTFN TYVM

  48. USING THE INTERNET: COOKIES AND SECURITY • Cookies • A small file that a Web server stores on your computer • Often contains data about the user • Keeps track of user visits • Personalization • Online shopping • Usage statistics • Target advertising

  49. USING THE INTERNET: COOKIES AND SECURITY • Cookies • A small file that a Web server stores on your computer • Often contains data about the user • Keeps track of user visits • Personalization • Online shopping • Usage statistics • Target advertising • Disabling cookies

  50. USING THE INTERNET: COOKIES AND SECURITY • Internet Security • Filtering software • Confidentiality • Secure Web pages : https:

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