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An Era of Change (1960-1980) Lesson 3 Expanding the Push for Equality

An Era of Change (1960-1980) Lesson 3 Expanding the Push for Equality. An Era of Change (1960-1980) Lesson 3 Expanding the Push for Equality. Learning Objectives. Analyze the causes of the growth of the Latino population after World War II.

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An Era of Change (1960-1980) Lesson 3 Expanding the Push for Equality

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  1. An Era of Change (1960-1980) Lesson 3 Expanding the Push for Equality

  2. An Era of Change (1960-1980) Lesson 3 Expanding the Push for Equality Learning Objectives • Analyze the causes of the growth of the Latino population after World War II. • Evaluate significant leaders and the methods they used to achieve equality in political rights for Latinos. • Evaluate the means by which Native Americans sought to expand their rights. • Describe the expansion of rights for consumers and the disabled. • Hector P. Garcia • Cesar Chavez • migrant farmworkers • Dolores Huerta • United Farm Workers (UFW) • Chicano movement • American Indian Movement (AIM) • Japanese American Citizens League • Ralph Nader

  3. The Latino Presence Grows • During the 1960’s, the Latino population in the U.S. grew from 3 million to more than 9 million. • Better paying jobs • Opportunity at equality • Escape oppression • Latinos of Varied Origins • Mexican Americans- Southwest • Southern California • Braceros- temporary workers (WWII program) • Out stayed their VISA permits and looked for work • 1965 – Immigration and Nationality ACT • eliminates immigration quotas for immigrants • Cubans- NY; fled because of Castro • Barrios- Spanish-speaking neighborhoods

  4. Latinos Farm Worker Movement Cultural Change Political Power Cesar Chavez UFWOC “Brown Power” Chicanos MAPA LA Razda Unida Latinos Fight for Change

  5. Fight Against Latino Discrimination • Hector P. Garcia • Latino WWII veteran who battled for racial equality for Latino’s • Formed the American G.I. Forum • Demanded better working conditions • Fair salaries and wages • Equal educational opportunities • Federal protection for their right to vote • Elect people to represent their interests

  6. Latino Organizations Fight for Rights Cesar Chavez, leader of United Farm Workers, helped to improve working conditions that migrants faced on the fruit and vegetable farms where they worked.

  7. César Chávez • Prominent union leader and labor organizer. Hardened by his early experience as a migrant worker, • Civil Rights leader • Union recognition • Working rights/conditions • California Farm workers • Chavez founded the National Farm Workers Association in 1962.  • Helped fight for Latino Farmers equality •  Stressing nonviolent methods, Chavez drew attention for his causes via boycotts, marches and hunger strikes. 

  8. Cultural Pride • The Chicano Movement • Collective Hispanic Identify • “not to emulate the Anglo” • Three Goals • 1. restoral of land • 2. rights for farm workers • Farmers/Grape workers strike • Sen. Robert F. Kennedy supported strike • 3. education reforms • Bilingual education/ Latino teachers • Mendez v. Westminster Supreme Court—was a 1947 case that prohibited segregating Latino schoolchildren from white children • U.S. Supreme Court declared it unlawful to keep students who couldn’t speak English from getting an education. • Equal Opportunity Act of 1974, which resulted in the implementation of more bilingual education programs in public schools.

  9. Latino Immigration Surges Analyze Data Based on the information in the chart, how much did the Latino population increase in the United States between 1970 and 2010?

  10. Declaration of Indian Purpose Indian Self-Deter. Education Act Am. Indian Movement (AIM) Native Americans Indian Education Act Trail of Broken Treaties Native Americans Struggle for Equality • Native Americans are sometimes viewed as a single homogeneous group, despite the hundreds of distinct Native American tribes and nations in the U.S.

  11. Native American Disadvantages • Reservations • US Gov’t forced N.A. on reservations • Policy shifted from Reservations to Assimilation • Forced Native Americans off reservations • Business owners wanted access to “rich land” • 1954-1962 withdrew financial assistance from 61 reservations • Unemployment • Poorest Minority group • 70-80% unemployment • Education • Inadequate education • Death/Disease • Death rate 3x higher than any other group • Highest disease rate/ lack medical services • Alcoholism • High alcoholism rates

  12. Native Americans Fight for Equality Until 1935, Native American people could be fined and sent to prison for practicing their traditional religious beliefs • Native American History • Oppression by US Government • Expansion, force into territories • Trail of Tears • Seek autonomy (control over themselves) • Govern and control their own tribes • Inequality • High unemployment rate, increasing death rate, unequal education • 1961- Declaration of Indian Purpose • 61 tribes meet in Chicago • Create economic/educational/health equality for Native Americans • Include Native Americans in the “war on poverty”

  13. Native American Movement • American Indian Movement • Focus on securing lands for Native Americans • Legal rights • Self-Government for Native Americans. • 1972 – Trail of Broken Treaties • March on Washington • Protect treatment of Indians • Indian Education Act 1972 • Tribes have greater control over their own affairs • Religious, land, governing, economy • Education •  Native Americans are citizens of their tribal nationsas well as the United States • "domestic dependent nations“ • Sovereign territories

  14. Native American • Activism • American Indians occupy Island of Alcatraz (1969) • Sioux tribe stated the land belonged to their tribe. • US Coast Guard evicted them. • Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee • Best-selling book – raised awareness about historic mistreatment of Native Americans. • Chapter in book described the 1890 Massacre of Wounded Knee • Mendez v. Westminster Supreme Court—was a 1947 case that prohibited segregating Latino schoolchildren from white children • Delgado v. Bastrop I.S.D – ended segregation in Texas public schools. • Indian Self – Determination Act 1975 • Tribes have a greater influence over education on reservations

  15. Asian Americans Fight Discrimination • Japanese Americans Citizens League (formed in 1920’s) • Formed to protect Japanese citizens’ Rights • Worked for compensation for lost property during WWII interment camps • Civil Liberties Act 1988 • acknowledges the unconstitutionality of wartime interment and gives $ 20,000 to each surviving detainee.

  16. Activists Win Rights for Consumers and the Disabled • Consumer rights movement reemerges in 1960’s • Ralph Nader publishes Unsafe at Any Speed, which attacked car makers for making unsafe cars • Begins federal mandates for car safety – • National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act 1966 • Seat belts and other safety procedures • Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) • Workplace safety and health regulations • People with Disabilities • Veterans from Korea and Vietnam work to change perceptions of disabled • “Panel on Mental Retardation” – • Gov’t could help people with intellectual disabilities • Eunice Shiver • Athletic camp for people with disabilities • Special Olympics.

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