Unit 11 How to Be True to Yourself

1. Unit 11 How to Be True to Yourself

2. Overall Arrangement 1. Pre-reading Discussion and Sharing What is your motto, if any?(4-6 students to be invited to talk about their mottoes) 2. Text Study: A Multi-layer Reading of the Text 2.1 Global Understanding Language points in context 2.2 Text organization and progression 2.3 About Citing Examples 3. Questions and Answers 4. Assignments

3. Mottoes: Sharing Examples: Epicurean motto: “Eat, drink and be merry.” The Motto of Soochow University: Unto a full grown man.(养天地正气，法古今完人) The Olympic Motto: Faster, higher, stronger One of my Mottoes: Life is tough, and you can be tougher. How about yours? (students to be invited)

4. Global Understanding and Language Points Paragraph 1 My grandparents believed you were either honest or you weren’t. There was no in-between. in-between: n. something or a certain state between two poles, extremes, etc. 中间（状态）。 in between adv. For me, size 8 is too big and 7 too small . Do you have a size in between?

5. Related expressions: *to go between: to serve as the negotiator, mediator, broker, etc.. *Go-between: n. negotiator, broker, match-maker * Between shame and nervousness, I started to stutter and stammer, and my mind almost went blank. 由于羞愧和紧张…

6. “Life is like a field of newly fallen snow; where I choose to walk every step will show.” Explanation: Life is like a field covered with newly-fallen snow, and in this field, every step you make will clearly show itself. Translation:1：人生就像刚刚落过雪的原野，我所走的每一步都会清晰无遗。 2. 人生一雪地，跬步显无遗。

7. Extension Here in this case, word sequence is re-adjusted for the sake of rhyme. It is often the case in poetry, in mottoes, adages, epitaph, antithetical couplets, etc.. Life is like a field of newly fallen snow; where I choose to walk every step will show.

8. Examples: 十年 (Pop Song) • 如果那两个字没有颤 • 我不会发现我难受抖 • 怎么说出口也不过是分手 • 如果对于明天没有要求… Ten Years If good-bye was not uttered with quiver,I would not see the sadness I did show.whatever the way adieu was the end for ever.If one gives up the hopes for tomorrow…

9. 子夜四时歌 （南朝）（见《吴歌精华》） 春林花多媚，春鸟意多哀。 春风复多情，吹我罗裳开。 Zi-ye’s Seasonal Songs In spring the pretty flowers boom in trees, While birds sing eager songs to their kin. Mild and tender is the springtime breeze, Which blows into my bosom, on my skin. (Translated by Meng)

10. Paragraph 2 They understood instinctively that integrity means having a personal standard of morality and ethics that does not sell out to expediency and this is not relative to the situation at hand. Instinctively: naturally, by instinct = instinctually

11. ethics (1) the science that deals with morals道德学，伦理学 e.g. He decided to study ethics as his second major. (2) moral rules or principles of behavior governing a person or group道德规范 e.g. Whether a country should have nuclear weapons or not should be a question of ethics, not of politics.

12. Integrity (1) strength and firmness of character or principle; honesty or trustworthiness正直, 诚实 e.g. He is respected and admired as a man of the greatest integrity. (2) a state of being whole and undivided; completeness完整, 完全, 完整性 e.g. Our integrity as a nation is threatened by the separatist forces at home and foreign intervention.

13. Sell out to expediency : give up/yield to expediency; affected by expediency expediency or expediencen. being useful or helpful for a purpose, esp. one’s own purpose or advantage, although not necessarily morally correct方便, 私利, 权宜 e.g. The government will not condemn its allies for torturing prisoners. It is a question of expediency. His behavior seems to be governed solely by expedience.

14. be relative to成比例，成正相关 Beauty isrelativeto the beholder's eye. • 美和观者的眼光有关系 Not relative to the situation at hand. Having nothing to do with any external factors.

15. Integrity is in short supply today---and getting scarcer. (Metaphor) Integrity is discussed in economic terms here. Speaking of blind date, talented male singletons, aged between 25 and 32 and with a secure job, are readily marketable.

16. But it is the real bottom line in every area of society. Integrity, above all, should be possessed and followed in every area of society. the bottom line (1) the amount of money shown as profit or loss at the bottom of a set of accounts账本底线 e.g. You have invested millions of dollars in the business and you come out with nothing on the bottom line.

17. (2) the basic content, meaning, or situation基本情况 e.g. The bottom line in the debate is the increasing number of motorcycle accidents and fatalities. (3) outcome; the most important result in the end主要结果 e.g. If we make all the changes I am proposing, the bottom line is that the company will save $50000

18. Paragraph 3 Triad: a group of 3-somethings Paragraph 4—7: Role Play in reading Rookie: green hand, beginner Paragraph 8. When you know you are right, you can’t back down. Back down: retreat, withdraw, give in

19. Paragraph 10 Russian Nesting doll 俄罗斯套娃 Paragraph 11 If each of us hires people who are smaller than we are, we shall become a company of dwarfs. Smaller than: less capable/competent than eg. I hate that modern people often say a big “I” and a small “you”. Dwarfs (metaphor): incapable people, people who will not win any competition or take any lead in business competitions.

20. Paragraph 12 Be honest and open about what you really are. What you really are: your true self People who lack genuine core values rely on external factors---their looks or status---in order to feel good about themselves. Core values: values that can serve as one’s spiritual underpinnings 缺乏核心价值观念的人依靠外在的因素如相貌与社会地位等以使自己感觉良好。

21. Paragraph 13 When it’s tough, do it tough. Tough here is used in different senses. When it’s tough (very difficult, unpleasant) do it tough: be strong and overcome it do it hard and never give up

22. Paragraph 14 A clear conscience <> a guilty conscience 问心无愧；良心 问心有愧；愧疚 Paragraph 15 A life of principle, of not succumbing to the seductive sirens of an easy morality, with always win the day. A life lived to the right principles and values, one that never gives in to ill/bad moral integrity and never does something undesirable because of this, is the life that is successful (and that we should seek or aspire to)

23. succumb (to) v. (1) stop opposing; to give in (to greater force or strength, a desire, etc,) 屈服， 屈从 e.g. They held out for some hours in the face of our persuasive offers, but eventually they succumbed.. (2) die because of死 e.g. He finally succumbed to the illness

24. Text Organization Deduction Opening :General statement Body: Sub-statements, substantiations Ending: conclusion, suggestion, projection, echoing, etc.

25. About Citing Examples Suggestions: 1.Use plain everyday examples; 2. Use examples about people who you are familiar with, e.g., your grandparents, your daughter, your neighbor, etc rather than examples about famous people, deceased or living, say, George Washington, Albert Einstein, etc.; 3. Be short and concrete; 4. Mare sure that the example you cite is directly related to what you are going to convey or argue for; 5. Never fabricate examples, never ever. No cover-up for the traces of any cook-up.

26. Q & A and Assignments Questions and Answers Assignments 1) Presentation 2) Translation

27. Thanks !