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Explore the timeless saga of Beowulf, an epic poem celebrated for its heroism, battles with monsters, and reflections of pagan and Christian influences. Uncover the historical background and literary focus of this classic narrative.
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I) The Background • It was told and re-told to audiences throughout England over hundreds of years by . . . • Scops – traveling minstrels – who presented long narrative poems • Beowulf was originally told in Old English • The only original manuscript was saved from a fire, but did not escape damage in 1731
I) The Background • Originally read for historical elements, not literary purpose • Contains Christian influences – Anglo-Saxon influence • Scholars not sure if in original poem or added later • Author is unknown • Date of origin ranges from 8th century to late 10th century • Events it records happened two centuries prior
A) Summary • Beowulf – a Gaet who sets sail from his homeland to try to free Danish King Hrothgar’s great banquet hall (Herot) of a monster • Grendel – the monster – has been ravaging Herot for twelve years
II) History: Paganism and Christianity • Paganism – the belief that lives were completely in the hands of fate • They told stories of monsters and other creatures that lurked in the depths of the forest • Christianity – belief in a single deity 1) belief in freedom of individuals to determine their own path 2) clear distinction between good and evil C) Beowulf written during culture change from paganism to Christianity – it reflects both ideals
III) Literary Focus: The Epic • Epic – a long narrative poem, sometimes developed orally, that celebrates the deeds of a legendary or heroic figure • Usually presented in a serious manner • Hero battles forces of evil and represents widespread national, cultural, or religious values • Based on historical facts