The Renaissance

1. The Renaissance

2. The Growth of Italian City-States

3. Why were Italian city-states so rich and powerful?

4. Overseas trade, spurred by the Crusades, led to their growth • Northern Italy had a wealthy merchant class • It’s classical heritage of Greece and Rome

5. How did Florence become the most influential city-state?

6. Florence was mostly urban while the rest of Europe was rural • Because of the plague, many of the city’s survivors could demand higher wages • Because Florence was small, many of its citizens could be involved in politics

7. What was the Renaissance and why did it begin in Italy?

8. Renaissance means “re-birth” which refers to revival in arts and learning • Italian merchants displayed their wealth by giving financial support to artists • Lorenzo de Medici (Lorenzo the Magnificent) was a generous patron of the arts

9. The Spirit of the Renaissance

10. The Crusades made Europeans eager to learn about the world around them • Church leaders became patrons of the arts by financially supporting artists

11. A Fascination with Classical Cultures

12. Scholars became interested in ancient Greek and Roman culture • Artists used ancient art as models • Brunelleschi designed buildings after studying Roman ruins

13. Filippo Brunelleschi • Commissioned to build the cathedral dome in Florence (Il Duomo) • Used unique architectural concepts. • He studied the ancient Pantheon in Rome

14. Brunelleschi’s Dome

15. Dome Comparisons Il Duomo St. Peter’s St. Paul’s US capital (Florence) (Rome) (London) (Washington)

16. A New Type of Scholar Called a Humanist

17. Humanists adopted many Roman and Greek beliefs • 1.) seeking fulfillment in daily life • 2.) all people have dignity and worth • 3.) the ideal person—one who can do almost anything (the Renaissance Man)

18. Humanists learned many subjects, such as Latin, Greek history, and mathematics • In the Middle Ages, religious people proved their piety by living a plain life—humanists enjoyed life without offending God

19. Machiavelli—wrote The Prince • The Prince was a book about Italian government • Machiavelli supported the idea of absolute power • In order to keep power, a ruler must do some evil

20. Petrarch • Father of Renaissance humanism • Poet • sonnets

21. A Belief in Human Potential

22. Emphasized human achievement on earth, rather than the afterlife • Renaissance thinkers strove to master almost every art • Later ages called such people “Renaissance men”

23. Renaissance Artists

24. Individuals became the center of attention during the Renaissance as the belief in human potential & ability began to emerge from Medieval ways of thinking

25. Ideal Man—was well educated in the Classics; should be charming, witty, & smart; can dance, write poetry, & play music; should be physically fit (called a “Renaissance Man”)

26. Ideal Woman—study Classics; write, dance, paint, make music well; but should not seek fame or political power (Renaissance women were far better educated but had fewer rights than Medieval women)

27. Giovanni Giotto

28. Giotto developed a new artistic style for creating frescos (paint on wet plaster walls): • Painted human figures that appeared lifelike • Painted people with emotion • Painted people in frescos interacting with each other

29. Giotto’s “Lamentation over Christ”

30. Donato Donatello

31. Donatello was the greatest sculptor of the Renaissance • Medieval sculptors only carved the front of a statue, but Donatello wanted sculptures to be viewed from all sides like Greek & Roman statues

32. Donatello’s “David” became the first large, free-standing human sculpture

33. TommasoMasaccio

34. Masaccio added to Giotto’s innovative style by using perspective: • Shows objects in the foreground as larger than objects in the background which gives the illusion of depth

36. Masaccio’sChrist and the Tribute

38. Acrostic • Task: Create an acrostic with the letters RENAISSANCE. Illustrate your acrostic. The first three letters might look like this: • Rebirth of ancient ideas and learning • Emphasis was now on earthly achievements • Nurtured by leaders of Italian city-states

39. Michelangelo

40. Michelangelo was a great painter & sculptor; his “Pieta” & “David” sculptures are perceived as masterpieces • His greatest work is the 130 ft x 44 ft ceiling of the Sistine Chapel; which shows biblical images of amazing detail, power, & beauty

41. Michelangelo’s “Pieta” depicts the Virgin Mary cradling the limp body of the crucified Jesus

42. Michelangelo’s statue of “David” expresses the Renaissance belief in human dignity and greatness

43. His greatest work is the 130 ft x 44 ft ceiling of the Sistine Chapel; which shows Biblical images of amazing detail, power, & beauty

44. Michelangelo painted more than 300 massive human figures onto the 5,800 square-foot ceiling while laying on his back • The ceiling contains illustrations from the creation of Adam to the story of Noah

45. The Creation of the Heavens

46. The Sistine Chapel Details Creation of Man

47. Michelangelo returned to the chapel to begin painting the altarpiece “The Last Judgment” • This painting features Christ judging souls as the rise and fall from each side of the painting

50. Bartholomew's flayed skin