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Design and Computational Fluid Dynamic analysis of the T2K Target

This study focuses on the design and computational fluid dynamic analysis of the T2K target neutrino beam and instrumentation. It includes the aims of the design, current design geometry, CFD and heat transfer analysis, and future work.

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Design and Computational Fluid Dynamic analysis of the T2K Target

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  1. Design and Computational Fluid Dynamic analysis of the T2K Target Neutrino Beams and Instrumentation 6th September 2006

  2. Contents • Aims of Design • Current Design Geometry • CFD and Heat Transfer analysis • Summary • Future work

  3. Aims of Design • Graphite target to be completely encased in titanium to prevent oxidation • Helium should cool both upstream and downstream titanium window before target due to material limits • Pressure drop in the system should be kept to a minimum due to high flow rate required (less than 0.7bar) • Target to be uniformly cooled (but kept above 400°C to reduce radiation damage) • It should be possible to remotely change the target in the first horn

  4. Target in the 1st Horn

  5. Current geometry Pipe connections face downstream to simplify remote handling of target Helium Outlet Helium Inlet

  6. Section of target Outlet Manifold Inlet Manifold Matt Rooney’s initial calculations suggest this window is ok for pressure and shock.

  7. Cross Section of Downstream end Graphite IG-43 He inlet He outlet Target Rod Titanium Ti-6Al-4V

  8. Animation of flow

  9. Target Analysis Outline Boundary conditions (Helium – Ideal gas model) Inlet Mass flow rate = 0.032kg/s (Max compressor flow rate) Inlet helium temperature = 300K Outlet Pressure = 0.9 bar (gauge) Heat deposited • On target as cloud of point (x,y,z,heat) • On Graphite upstream structure as total source • On upstream and downstream window as radial function (NOTE - Downstream heat scaled from 50GeV and needs verifying)

  10. Materials IG – 43 (Graphite) Target Upstream structure Ti-6Al-4V Upstream window Downstream window

  11. Pressure In Helium (gauge) Area average pressure drop (inlet to outlet) = 0.65 bar

  12. Velocity Streamlines Temperature rise of helium = 141˚C

  13. Velocity profile at upstream window

  14. Velocity profile at downstream window Downstream window needs final optimisation at operating pressure

  15. Steady state temperature through centre of target 30 GeV, 0.4735Hz, 750 kW Radiation damaged graphite properties (Thermal conductivity reduced to 20W/m.K) Maximum temperature = 615˚C

  16. Upstream Temperature distribution (steady state) Upstream structure and manifolds designed to give uniform temperature distribution

  17. Overall Temperature distribution (steady state) 30 GeV, 750 kW Radiation damaged graphite

  18. Window temperatures (steady state) Upstream window TMAX= 66°C Downstream window TMAX= 248°C (Heat load scaled from 50GeV)

  19. Summary • Temperature rise of helium at 0.032kg/s = 141° (23.4kW heat load) • Pressure drop from inlet to outlet = 0.65 bar (specification was 0.7 bar) • Analysis shows the upstream window is sufficiently cooled • Downstream window needs fine tuning to reduce temperature • Temperature distribution is reasonably symmetric • Single forward facing inlet and outlet pipes will simplify remote handling

  20. Future work • Model to be repeated for 13mm radius target • Next design needs to focus on ease of manufacture • Heat load on target and tubes needs more work (e.g. apply heat as a function of radius and z

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