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Design and Computational Fluid Dynamic analysis of the T2K Target BENE 2006 14 th November 2006

Design and Computational Fluid Dynamic analysis of the T2K Target BENE 2006 14 th November 2006. Contents. Design Concept Design Aims RAL Target geometry Analysis Outline Simulation results Summary Future Work. KEK Concept Design.

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Design and Computational Fluid Dynamic analysis of the T2K Target BENE 2006 14 th November 2006

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  1. Design and Computational Fluid Dynamic analysis of the T2K Target BENE 2006 14th November 2006

  2. Contents • Design Concept • Design Aims • RAL Target geometry • Analysis Outline • Simulation results • Summary • Future Work

  3. KEK Concept Design • Co-axial 2 layer cooling pipe: Graphite / Ti-6Al-4V,Helium cooling

  4. KEK Proposed Target Design Outlet Inlet Proton Beam X Pressure drop too high X Target would oxidise in low quality helium

  5. Aims of RAL Design • Target rod to be completely encased in titanium to prevent oxidation of the graphite • Helium should cool both upstream and downstream titanium window before the target due to material limits • Pressure drop in the system should be kept to a minimum due to high flow rate required (ideally less than 0.7bar) • Target to be uniformly cooled (but kept above 400°C to reduce radiation damage) • It should be possible to remotely change the target in the first horn

  6. RAL Target in the 1st Horn

  7. Current RAL Target Geometry

  8. Target Geometry Upstream window Target radius = 13mm Gap optimised to give uniform flow Inlet & outlet manifolds

  9. Flow Path Outlet Manifold Flow turns 180° at downstream window Inlet Manifold Matt Rooney’s initial calculations suggest this window is ok for pressure and shock.

  10. Cross Section of Downstream end Graphite IG-43 He inlet He outlet Target Rod Titanium Ti-6Al-4V

  11. Animation of flow

  12. Materials Currently not included in analysis

  13. Radiation Damage of Graphite For a radiation damaged target a thermal conductivity of 20 [W/m.K] is used (approx 4 times lower than new graphite at 1000°K)

  14. Analysis Outline Boundary conditions (Helium – Ideal Gas) – Fluid Domain • Inlet Mass flow rate = 32g/s (and 25g/s) • Inlet temperature = 300K • Outlet Pressure = 0.9 bar (gauge) Heat deposited (30 GeV, 750 kW) – Solid Domain • On target as a function in r and z • On upstream and downstream window as radial function • On Inner graphite tube as a function of z • On Outer tube as a total source • Model Convergence (Residuals) • 6x10-6 (RMS) • 6x10-4 (MAX) Some local mesh refinement needed

  15. Velocity Streamlines Current design Previous design iteration Optimised for uniform flow

  16. Velocity profile at downstream window Optimisation for pressure drop and window cooling Current RAL Design Original Concept • Pressure drop unacceptable • No downstream window 30 GeV, 0.4735Hz, 750 kW Radiation damaged graphite

  17. Window Temperatures Upstream Window Downstream Window Max Steady-State Temperature = 95°C Max Steady-State Temperature = 92°C Mass flow rate = 32 g/s

  18. Pressure Distribution Mass flow rate = 25 g/s Total pressure drop = 0.792 bar Previous design DP = 0.65 bar (Increase due to reduction in cross sectional area) Increase gap size? 30 GeV, 0.4735Hz, 750 kW Radiation damaged graphite (20 [W/m.K])

  19. Steady state target temperature Maximum temperature = 1009˚K = 736˚C Mass flow rate = 32 g/s 30 GeV, 0.4735Hz, 750 kW Radiation damaged graphite (20 [W/m.K])

  20. Surface Temperature distribution 30 GeV, 0.4735Hz, 750 kW Radiation damaged graphite Contours limited to 250°C

  21. Results Summary (25 g/s and 32 g/s) NOTE – Steady State Temperatures Temperature rise in helium = 21.7kW

  22. Future Work • Include outer titanium upstream structure in analysis • Refine mesh to obtain better convergence • Analyse thermal stresses and deflections in the target structure • Compare CFD results with prototype target.

  23. Questions ?

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