UNITED STATES of AMERICA

1. UNITED STATES of AMERICA

2. United States United States • Located in northwest hemisphere on the North American Continent which also consists of Mexico and Canada • Population: 314,059,724 • Language: no official language, although English is the most widely spoken • Religion – none

3. GOVERNMENT Federal republic President: Barack Obama Vice President: Joe Biden Capital: Washington, DC 50 states make up the USA

4. Regions of United States Northeast ( New England and Mid Atlantic) Midwest South West – (Rocky Mountain and Pacific)

5. USA – population 300 million (3rd most populous country in the world after China (1.3 billion) and India (1.12 billion) USA –consumed more than either of these WHY? USA–developed country 7.2

6. Understanding How Cartograms Are Constructed • Cartograms are special types of maps used to compare numerical data about different places. In a cartogram, the general shapes and locations of countries or regions are similar to those on a regular map. But the size of each country or region is drawn to match the numbers being studied. For example, per capita food consumption is the average number of calories consumed per person, per day, in a given country. The first grid you see is a cartogram that shows per capita food consumption in the United States. The country is drawn as 39 squares. Each square represents 100 calories per capita per day. This cartogram represents the average number of calories consumed by each person, each day, in the United States.

7. Read through the example to see how the cartogram was made.

10. Oil Consumption Patterns • Picture morning rush hour in any city in the developed world, where the streets are filled with gas-guzzling cars, motorcycles, and buses. Now picture that same scene in a city in the developing world. You will still see lots of cars, buses, and motorcycles, but most people are riding bicycles or walking to work because they cannot afford the cost of using motorized transportation. • As these mental images suggest, oil, or petroleum, consumption follows a pattern similar to food consumption. Developed countries use more than developing countries. Oil is a fossil fuel[fossil fuel: any fuel, such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas, that is made from the remains of prehistoric plants and animals] that has many uses. It is refined into gasoline. It is used to make asphalt to cover roads. Petroleum is also used to make plastics, nylon, and other products.

11. Oil Fuels the Developed World Developed countries depend on oil to meet most of their energy needs. Their cars, trains, and planes burn fuels made from oil, and they use oil to heat buildings in the winter. Their power plants burn oil to generate electricity. The United States leads the world in oil consumption. Americans make up just 5 percent of the world population, but they consume 24 percent of the oil pumped out of the ground each year. Most of the oil Americans consume is burned as gasoline. • Oil Use in the Developing World Is Growing As poor countries develop their economies, more of their people can afford luxuries like cars. Oil consumption is rising in many developing countries as a result. • China is a good example. In 1990, there were slightly more than 5 million cars in China; 10 years later, China had more than 16 million cars. By 2025, that number could rise to more than 130 million. To keep all those cars running, China will need far more oil than it uses today. • At present, there is enough oil to meet world demand. But oil will run out someday. Some experts expect oil production to peak around 2020. Others believe this peak could occur even earlier, after which oil production will begin to decline. If they are right, the world may face an oil shortage in the not-too-distant future.

13. What is oil used for? • Which developed countries consume the most oil per capita? Why do you think that is? • Which developing countries consume the most oil per capita? Why do you think that is?

15. URBAN SPRAWL http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=knR2SgIg7jg

16. CORE CONTENT • SS-HS-4.2.2Students will explain how physical (e.g., climate, mountains, rivers) and human characteristics (e.g., interstate highways, urban centers, workforce) of regions create advantages and disadvantages for human activities in a specific place. DOK 2 • SS-HS-4.3.2Students will explain how technology (e.g., computers, telecommunications) has facilitated the movement of goods, services and populations, increased economic interdependence at all levels and influenced development of centers of economic activity. DOK 2 • SS-HS-4.3.1Students will describe the movement and settlement patterns of people in various places and analyze the causes of that movement and settlement (e.g., push factors such as famines or military conflicts; pull factors such as climate or economic opportunity) and the impacts in the modern world (1500 A.D. to present) and United States (Reconstruction to present). DOK 3

18. GEOTERMS • Metropolitan area – a major population center of a large city and smaller suburbs around it (LA) • Rural fringe – small towns, farms Just beyond a city’s suburbs