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A New Birth of Freedom: The Civil War, 1861-1865

A New Birth of Freedom: The Civil War, 1861-1865. 14.2 The Coming of Emancipation. Slavery and the War. Wars cause revolutions Slavery central part of Southern society War will destroy it Lincoln promotes Northern values Preserving democracy & free labor.

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A New Birth of Freedom: The Civil War, 1861-1865

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  1. A New Birth of Freedom: The Civil War, 1861-1865 14.2 The Coming of Emancipation

  2. Slavery and the War • Wars cause revolutions • Slavery central part of Southern society • War will destroy it • Lincoln promotes Northern values • Preserving democracy & free labor

  3. Lincoln ignores slavery in 1st year • Keep border states (2.6M W, 500K slaves) • Northern conservatives • Crittenden Resolution 1861 • Union has no intention of interfering with slavery

  4. Slavery Unraveling • Ignoring it ends by end of 1861 • Military treats slaves as contraband of war • Property of military value, subject to confiscation • To Blacks it’s a “freedom war” • Antislavery northerners insist emancipation necessary to weaken South’s ability to sustain war

  5. Steps Toward Emancipation • Aug. 61 Gen. Fremont frees slaves in MO • March 62 congress prohibits army from returning slaves & abolition in DC • 2nd Confiscation Act – freed slaves in Union occupied terr. & escaped to Union lines • Lincoln tries to get control 61-62 • Rescinds Fremont’s order • Gradual emancipation & colonization for border slaves

  6. Lincoln’s Decision • Understands emancipation a political & military necessity. • Sec. State W. Seward wait until a victory • 9/22/62 5 days after Antietam • Preliminary EP • Warned if South didn’t lay down arms by end of 1862 he would decree abolition.

  7. North Reacts • Bad • Dems gain seats in Fall elections • Rep. lose IN & IL govt’s, & lose Gov of NY

  8. The Emancipation Proclamation • Jan. 1, 1863 • Slaves in Confederate held terr. are free • Excluded border states • Jubilation • Free blacks & abolitionists (North) • “contrabands” & slaves (South) • Altered nature of the CW & US history

  9. Lincoln’s Change • No compensation or colonization • Enlist black troops • “The Great Emancipator” • No longer just about preserving the Union • Now about the transformation of the Southern way of life and redefining American freedom • Freed slaves would become part of America

  10. Enlisting Black Troops • Radical provision in the EP • 180,000 served in army • 24,000 navy • Most were emancipated slaves from South

  11. The Black Soldier • Service was a liberating experience • 130 will serve in office after war • Didn’t receive equal treatment are pay • Crucial role in winning war and defining war’s consequences

  12. 54th Massachusetts • July 18th 1863 attack Fort Wagner SC • Col. Robert Shaw- “Negro troops” • Shaw & half of the 600 men killed. • Aug. 10th Frederick Douglass tells Lincoln Negro & white troops should be equal.

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