Executive Branch

1. Executive Branch Chapters 13 - 15

2. Chapter 13 • Section 1 • Article II in the Constitution • President’s Job • Roles • Chief of State: • Chief of Executive: • Chief Administrator: • Chief Diplomat: • Commander in Chief: • Chief Legislator: • Party Chief: • Chief Citizen:

3. Section 1 Ch. 13 cont. • Formal Qualifications • Natural Born Citizen • 35 years old • Lived in U.S. for 14 years • President’s Term • 4 years : Hamilton – Federalist Papers No. 71 = long enough to gain experience, demonstrate abilities, and establish stable policies. • No term limit until 1951 in the Constitution b/c of Washington the “no third term tradition” became and unwritten rule in politics • 22nd amendment: 2 term limit / 10 year max.

4. Section 1 Ch. 13 cont. • Pay and Benefits of President • Fixed by Congress now at $400,000 / year • Initially set at 25,000/year in 1789 • Since 1949: 50,000 expense account per year. • Each former Pres. – 143,000 / year pension • First ladies = 20,000 / year • Other Benefits: White House, air force one, marine one, yacht, cars, Camp David • All President’s assets put into a blind trust.

5. Ch. 13 Section 2 • Presidential Succession and the V.P. • 25th Amendment • Constitution originally did not provide for succession • 1841: informal amendment to the constitution through custom (started with John Tyler) • Line of Succession determined 1-17 by the Presidential Succession Act of 1947. • Presidential Disability (25th Amendment) • V.P. takes over as acting President if… • President informs Congress in writing • V.P. and Majority of Cabinet inform Congress in Writing • President can challenge the process and Congress will have 21 days to decide if he/she is fit to lead.

6. Vice President • “I am Vice President, In this I am nothing but I may be everything.” John Adams • Duties: • “a President-in-waiting” • Preside over senate • Help decide Presidential Disability • 8 Presidents have died in office and 1 forced to resign. • If V.P. takes over as President they will have to nominate a New V.P. to be approved by Congress.

7. Chapter 14 • Section 1 • Presidential Powers • Original intention of 1787 • Why have they grown? • Unity of the President (1 leader always agrees with himself/herself) • Pressure from social and economic life of a nation/people • Emergencies (war, pearl harbor, 9/11) • Congress: to be efficient it delegated authority to the President • Roles: Attract and hold public attention - media

8. President’s Executive Power • Executing the law: use own discretion as to which laws are executed/enforced vigorously and which are lesser • Ordinance Power: directive, rule, regulation with the force of law • Not expressly written in Constitution but implied and given by Congressional Acts that the Executive Order exists. • Appointing Power: Names top ranking officers in white house and Judiciary • President Nominates = senate approves it • Removal Power • Can remove an appointed official without approval of Congress (except a judge!)

9. Powers cont. • Diplomatic Powers • Make treaties (with congressional approval) • Executive Agreements • Recognition of another Country and it’s government • Military • President can make undeclared war • Use forces abroad in combat over 200 times in our History • Korea and Vietnam were never technically “war” as declared by Congress.

10. WAR POWERS RESOLUTION of 1973 • 1. -Vetoed by Nixon – overridden by Congress • 2. -Within 48 hours of committing troops president must report to Congress on circumstances • 3. -60 limit to use in combat unless otherwise extended by Congress (+ 30 days to withdraw = 90 days total) • 4. -Congress may bring an end to the commitment by passing a concurrent resolution to do so

11. Powers of the President cont. • Legislative Powers • Recommend legislation • Veto Power • Judicial Powers • Reprieve • Pardon • Commute (reduce) a sentence • Amnesty • 1893 Harrison forgave Mormons • 1977 Carter grants a blanket pardon for Vietnam draft dodgers

12. CIA FBI NASA USPS DOD DOT OMB HUD FEC FDIC SEC FEMA NSA FCC AcronymsHow many can you name?

13. Chapter 14 • Section 5 • Office of the President and the Cabinet • E.O.P. : complex of several separate agencies staffed by the President’s most trusted advisers and assistants • White House Office • National Security Council (NSC) • Office of Management and Budget (OMB) • Office of National Drug Control Policy • Council of Economic Advisors • Office of Policy Development • Council on Environmental Quality • Office of the U.S. Trade Representative • Office of Science and Technology • Office of Administration • Cabinet (Advisors as the head / secretary of 15 executive departments)

14. Chapter 15 • Section 1 • Federal Bureaucracy • What is it? • 3 principles • 1. hierarchical authority • 2. job specialization • 3. Formal Rules • Major groups of administrative agencies • 1. Executive office of the President • 2. 15 cabinet departments • 3. large number of independent agencies • Departments = ex. DOL / DOD • Agency = ex. CIA / NSA • Administration = ex. TSA • Commission = ex. FCC • Bureau = ex. FBI / BMV

15. Section 2 • See internet worksheet? • Section 3 - The Civil Service • Words to know: • Spoils system- • Patronage – • Pendleton Act- • Register – • Questions to Answer: • What standard did Washington set for federal employment? • What can’t federal employees participate in (types of activity)? • What is the goal of Civil Service today? • How did (why did) Civil Service come to be?