Chapter 19 Worlds of North and South

1. Eli Whitney was from Massachusetts He was a tutor in Georgia in 1792 In 1793 he invented the cotton gin to separate the seeds from the cotton The cotton gin was a wooden drum stuck with hooks, which pulled the cotton fibers through a mesh. The cotton seeds would not fit through the mesh and fell outside. Chapter 19 Worlds of North and South

2. Chapter 19 Worlds of North and South

3. Prior to the Cotton Gin a slave could only clean a couple of pounds of cotton a day As a result of the Cotton Gin cotton growing became big business and the need for slaves increased From 1800 to 1850 the differences between the North and the South in economies, transportation and societies greatly changes. Chapter 19 Worlds of North and South

4. Northern climates have all four seasons. Areas such as Maine and Minnesota have very short growing seasons The Northern Atlantic coast offers many seaports New England had a vast supply of timber. New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey had farming Chapter 19 Worlds of North and South

5. In the north deforestation, the clearing away of forests, to make way for farming and industry was common The South had much longer growing seasons, better soil and so they based their economy of agriculture. Called agrarian based Chapter 19 Worlds of North and South

6. South grew indigo, tobacco, corn, rice, sugar cane Because of the broad flat rivers, towns sprang up and transportation to those towns was easier Because on the falling markets for some of their crops slavery had begun to decline by 1790 Then Eli Whitney invented the Cotton Gin Chapter 19 Worlds of North and South

7. Production soared 10,400 bales in 1793 73,000 in 1800 177,000 in 1810 720,000 in 1830 2.85 million bales in 1850 nearly 5 million in 1860. By the time of the Civil War, cotton accounted for almost 60% of American exports, representing a total value of nearly $300 million a year. Chapter 19 Worlds of North and South

8. Whitney had hoped that his gin would lighten the labor of the slaves. Instead it made slaves more important to the South Year Total U.S. Population (in millions) Total U.S. Slave Population (in millions) Slaves as a Percentage of the Total U.S. Population 1800 5.1 0.9 17.6% 1810 6.8 1.1 16.1% 1820 10 1.5 15 % 1830 12.8 2.0 15.6% 1840 17 2.5 14.7% 1850 23 3.2 13.9% 1860 31.2 4.0 12.8% Vast majority of the Southerners made their living from the land Chapter 19 Worlds of North and South

9. The North switched from hand manufacturing to Industrial based manufacturing This was called the Industrial Revolution In the US it started in 1815 with Francis Cabot Lowell He built the first textile plant taking cotton and making it into cloth. Chapter 19 Worlds of North and South

10. The first plants used water to run the machines. By 1830 steam engines ran the machines Eli Whitney made interchangeable parts for the machines Allowing the same machine to do different things Chapter 19 Worlds of North and South

11. Elias Howe made the sewing machine Northern Industrialists favored a strong central government to help with improvements Southerners preferred stronger states rights to help with the agriculture Chapter 19 Worlds of North and South

12. Machines helped farmers too Cyrus McCormack built a reaper in 1831 to cut wheat This helped the central plains to become the bread basket By 1860 the value of manufacturing in the North was 10 times that of the South Chapter 19 Worlds of North and South

13. In 1806 the first National Road was built across the Appalachian Mountains It had a gravel surface In 1807 Robert Fulton raced his steamboat Clermont upstream on the Hudson River In 1817 the state of New York built a canal from the Hudson River to Lake Erie Chapter 19 Worlds of North and South

14. This opened up the farms of the Central Plains to the cities in the East for faster shipments In the 1840�s Clipper ships made ocean travel much faster Steam powered trains could move faster that steam powered ships Chapter 19 Worlds of North and South

15. By the 1840�s railroads were big business By the 1860s the North had 20,000 miles of railroads Chapter 19 Worlds of North and South

16. In the South most of the people and goods moved by rivers There was little need for canals, roads and railroads By 1860 the South old had 10,000 miles of railroads Chapter 19 Worlds of North and South

17. Southern society had Plantation owners on the top Small farmers and workers in the middle and African Americans on the bottom As long as slavery could be preserved the South�s economy stagnated Women were brought up to be gracious hostesses and received not much education Chapter 19 Wolds of North and South

18. Most of the whites owned some land 1 out of 4 owned slaves 10% of the whites were too poor to own land Few public schools and most were illiterate Chapter 19 Worlds of North and South

19. There were a few free African Americans They had to wear special badges, pay extra taxes and live separately from the whites By 1830 there were 319,000 free Blacks in the United States. 150,000 lived in the northern states By 1860 there were 500,000 free Blacks � in the North and � in the South Chapter 19 Worlds of Norht and South

20. By 1860 38 of the largest 50 cites in the US were in the North All of the Northern States took steps to end slavery Chapter 19 World of Norht and South

21. While blacks were free in the North, they were not equal In most states they could not vote Could not hold office Could not serve on juries Could not attend white schools Could not attend white churches Chapter 19 World of North and South

22. Between 1845 and 1860 4 million immigrants came to the US. Most from Ireland and Germany The potato famine brought them over from Ireland A failed revolution brought them over from Germany Anti-immigrant feelings grew Chapter 19 Worlds of North and South