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Types of Preindustrial Political Systems

Types of Preindustrial Political Systems. 人類學 是 研究群體差異的學問 眾多的差異如何掌握? 分類 的基礎為何 ? 社會演化 達爾文的生物演化:高低等級與方向性 演化論的出現、消失、與再現 演化論主要面對的問題:的階段如何區隔?演化的動力為何?. 尋找關鍵字. 這 篇文章在處 裡什麼 問題 ? 作者用什麼概念處理這個問題? 這種處理方式的實質內容為何? 這種處理方式會遇到什麼難題? 他如何克服這種異議?. Uncentralized systems. 沒有政府 權力分散

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Types of Preindustrial Political Systems

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  1. Types of PreindustrialPolitical Systems

  2. 人類學是研究群體差異的學問 • 眾多的差異如何掌握? • 分類的基礎為何? • 社會演化 • 達爾文的生物演化:高低等級與方向性 • 演化論的出現、消失、與再現 • 演化論主要面對的問題:的階段如何區隔?演化的動力為何?

  3. 尋找關鍵字 • 這篇文章在處裡什麼問題? • 作者用什麼概念處理這個問題? • 這種處理方式的實質內容為何? • 這種處理方式會遇到什麼難題? • 他如何克服這種異議?

  4. Uncentralized systems • 沒有政府 • 權力分散 • 超越社會單位的政治聯合可能因為特殊目的而出現,但隨著目的消失而瓦解 • 沒有人能獨佔賞罰的手段 • 平等與民主 – in decision making and access to leadership • Band - 人類社會生活的最早形式 • 涂爾幹 (E. Durkheim)的mechanical solidarity • Band與Tribe的差異點為何? • 什麼是pan-tribal solidarities? • 兩種pan-tribal solidarities的形式:親屬 (lineage, clan)&非親屬 (age-set, big man)

  5. Centralized systems • Specialization • Densely populated • Stratified by ranks and classes • Productive technology • Centralized redistribution economic system • Stable political groupings • Politics is no longer manifested mainly through kinship. • Chiefdom與tribe的主要差別為何?

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