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The Life of the People. 14 th and 15 th century Europe. 14 th c. Europe. 14 th c. Europe was marked by much destruction Plague, Hundred Years’ War Led to frustration: crime, revolts The parish church and marriage remained center of family life. Marriage Practices.
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The Life of the People 14th and 15th century Europe
14th c. Europe • 14th c. Europe was marked by much destruction • Plague, Hundred Years’ War • Led to frustration: crime, revolts • The parish church and marriage remained center of family life
Marriage Practices • Because peasants were illiterate (couldn’t read or write), little was known about their marriage practices • Historians believe that marriage was an important part of peasant life for economic reasons • Women were often pregnant on wedding day to assure the marriage would produce kids (kids helped make family money) • Marriages were commonly arranged if property was involved • Couple would be from the same village • Lord would be paid for the loss of the worker
Marriage Practices, cont. • Age • Women were young when they married (12-20 yrs) • Men were older (mid-late 20s); needed to prove their earning ability • Poor peasants: mid-late 20s
Prostitution • Prostitution rose with men marrying later • Brothels (houses of prostitution) became popular and common. • Legalized and policed by governments
Economic Factors • People married for economic factors rather than love • Economic factors determined whom and when you married • Men had to wait for their fathers to die to inherit property
Children and the Family Structure • Later marriage determined how many children a couple had • Emotional bonds would form in families with the support of the church • Divorce did not exist • Validity of marriage was crucial • Must have a witness • Annulments granted in rare cases
Parish Life • Parish: Your church community/district • The land and the parish was important in Medieval Europe • Priest blessed the fields/harvest • Guilds: Union of skilled workers in the parish • Offered job opportunities other than farming • Guilds tough to get into: required skill and was highly political
Parish Life, Cont. • Socialization • Criminal hangings • Animal blood sports • Drunkenness • Church members took control of maintaining the church buildings and social functions
Frustration Leads to Revolts • Noble (lords) abuses of peasants were common • Nobles wanted to maintain lavish lifestyle even if no money to do so • Fur Collar Crime: Nobles robbed and harassed the peasants • Stories like Robin Hood became popular during this time • The economic and social frustrations of the peasants would lead them to revolt against the nobles and social structure
Peasant Revolts • Peasants Revolts throughout Europe • Peasants were overly taxed to pay for Hundred Years’ War • Flanders, France, England • Jacquerie rebellion in France • Race Relations • To escape economic troubles, many Europeans migrated to new areas • Ethnic tensions rose in these areas as laws were not equally applied to all people; economic competition, etc.
Vernacular Literature • A variety of languages and dialects were spoken throughout Europe • Official documents and church services, however, might be provided in Latin • Many people did not understand Latin • Vernacular: language of the people • Authors like Dante, Chaucer, and Villion wrote in the vernacular and commented on Church/social/economic frustrations in their stories • Historians believe there was an increase in literacy of the laypeople (commoners) in the late 14th century • We have more written records • Society is shifting from oral traditions