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CHAPTER: 19 – The Changing Life of the People. OVERALL . In general, is the standard of living improving during the 18 th century?. Marriage and the Family. How did the combination of the nuclear family and late marriage influence Europe?.
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CHAPTER: 19 – The Changing Life of the People OVERALL • In general, is the standard of living improving during the 18th century?
Marriage and the Family • How did the combination of the nuclear family and late marriage influence Europe? parish records self-sufficiency inheritance / approval
Marriage and the Family • What could happen to young men and women working outside of the family structure? apprenticeship domestic service
Marriage and the Family • Describe attitudes toward premarital sex, illegitimacy, and family planning before 1750. contraception community controls
Marriage and the Family • How do patterns shift as industrialization begins? urban migration illegitimacy explosion romance wages
Marriage and the Family • How does prostitution evolve during this time period? legality venereal disease courtesans
Marriage and the Family • What are the attitudes toward homosexuality over time and throughout social classes? sodomy laws producing heirs subcultures middle class morality
Children and Education • What issues revolved around babies? infant mortality / childbirth nursing / wet-nursing
What options were there for unwanted pregnancies? Children and Education abortion / infanticide foundling homes
Children and Education • Why was this a dangerous time to be a child? emotional attachment childhood mortality discipline Enlightenment Rousseau’s Emile
Children and Education • What educational opportunities are available? Jesuit schools “charity schools” compulsory universal education
Popular Culture and Consumerism • What books are popular during the “reading revolution”? Bible / chapbooks fantasy almanacs / manuals pamphlets tabloids
Popular Culture and Consumerism • What recreational activities were available for leisure time? winter months alcohol municipal sponsorship entertainment for profit blood sports carnival
Popular Culture and Consumerism • Who ate well and who had poor diets? “just price” / bread riots rural / poor townspeople upper class market gardening new overseas foods
Popular Culture and Consumerism • Why is the 18th century a consumer revolution? clothing homes status possessions individualism
Religious Authority and Beliefs • How had the structure of religion developed by the 1700’s? parish “territorial churches” state control Jesuits Edict on Idle Institutions
Religious Authority and Beliefs • Why is the 18th century a “Second Reformation”? Pietism John Wesley Methodism
Religious Authority and Beliefs • What other groups participate in the religious revival? Catholic festivals / processions folklore Jansenism *Hasidism
Religious Authority and Beliefs • Where is superstition still prevalent? pagan beliefs witches Enlightenment
Medical Practice • Is health advanced for the average person in the 18th century? faith healers apothecaries purging bloodletting rich vs. poor
Medical Practice • Were hospitals safe havens? cauterization / amputation painkillers / anesthesia sanitation / infection asylum / lunatics
Medical Practice • Were midwives more effective than doctors? Madame du Coudray
Medical Practice • What is the most tangible benefit of the Scientific Method on the common people? Mary Wortley Montagu Edward Jenner smallpox vaccination