Sketching, Drawing and Illustration

1. Sketching, Drawing and Illustration

2. Drawing • Drawing is one of the oldest and most basic forms of communication. • Before language, cave dwellers communicated by drawing simple figures on the walls of caves. • As the world became more and more complex, the need for drawings increased.

3. Interpretation • The ability to read and interpret drawings is needed in many occupations. • Drawings can be used to convey simple and complex messages in a clear and precise manner. • Information can be given and ideas expressed using drawings and graphics that would take thousands of words to express.

4. Graphic Representation • A drawing is a graphic representation of an idea in the mind of the person creating the drawing. • Object details such as size, shape and locational relationships can be clearly described with drawings • Drawing is a communicational tool.

5. Areas of Drawing • In DSG, drawing is divided into two areas (with a third that we do not do): • Rough Sketching • Refined Sketching • Technical Illustration

6. Sketches • Sketches are freehand drawings used to formulate, express and record information and ideas. • The sketched map made by a truck driver and the incision sketches on a skull by a brain surgeon are uses of the same problem solving and communication techniques.

7. Freehand Sketching • Often done by artists and used to express aesthetic ideas. • May not be concerned with perfect accuracy in shape, size and relationships. • Because the drawing is not to be used as a guide, details are often not developed.

8. Refined Sketching • Used to convey information accurately and completely. • Craftsperson or machine operator should be able to create the object exactly as it was visualized by the drafter. • Such drawings are tools for communicating ideas of the designer as well as specifications to the people who will make the design.

9. Technical Illustration • Blends technical and freehand drawing. • Goal of the technical illustrator is to present a picture like drawing of the design which shows how it would appear in the real world. • Used in technical journals, magazines, instruction packages that come with consumer products and part of sets of architectural and industrial drawings.

10. Universal Communication Form • Drawing is one of the first communication technologies. • Still the closest thing to a universal language form. • A technical drawing created by a designer, engineer or drafter in India can be read by a machine operator in France or Australia.

11. Drawing Materials and Equipment • Many tools and special materials are used to produce modern high quality technical drawings. • Paper, Cloth and Plastic Film to draw on • Pencils and Pens • Erasers, Cleaners and Brushes

12. Drawing Tools • Drawing tools can be used to draw objects in proportion to their true size. (to scale) • Drawing instruments include: • T-squares -Dividers • Parallel Edges -Guides • Triangles -Templates • Compasses -Irregular Curves

13. Measurement and Drawing • The development and use of a standard measurement system has been a technological goal of all societies. • They are internationally controlled by the International Standards Organization. (ISO) • The International Metric System is the standard for worldwide technical drawing and communication.

14. Lettering • When drawing, there is often a need to communicate more information than a drawing can convey. • The added information is expressed in letters and numerals. • Modern electronics has had a great impact on lettering. • A computer can accurately and precisely produce letters and numbers in a wide variety of fonts and sizes.

15. Charts and Graphs • Graphs and charts are widely used forms of graphic communication. • They are used to: • Shows trends • Present data analysis and comparison • Display mathematical relationships • Show the behavior of systems

16. Summary • Drawing has been a universal system of person-to-person communication throughout history. • Modern technology has accelerated the need for drawings.