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APA Style Guidelines for Research Papers

Learn the essential APA formatting and structure rules for writing term papers, research reports, empirical studies, and literature reviews.

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APA Style Guidelines for Research Papers

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  1. APA Essentials – 6th Edition Structure and Formatting Guided Learning Activity

  2. What is APA Style used for? • Term Papers • Research Reports • Empirical Studies • Literature Reviews • Theoretical Articles • Methodological Articles • Case Studies

  3. Basic APA Guidelines Margins: 1 inch on all sides Font: 12 Point/Times New Roman Spacing: Double spacing Paragraph Indentation: 5 spaces Alignment: Flush left Pagination: Page number on upper right corner of each page (top line) Running Head: Short title, upper left (flush) which appears on all pages.

  4. APA Paper - Order of Pages TITLE PAGE ABSTRACT BODY REFERENCES APPENDIX FOOTNOTES TABLES FIGURES

  5. Title Page Key Information on Title Page: Pagination: Title page is page 1 Title of paper Author(s) Names Educational Institution Note: Each line is centered on the title page, and use uppercase and lowercase letters Click on example: http://www.vanguard.edu/uploadedFiles/psychology/titlepage.pdf

  6. Abstract Pagination: Page 2 of paper First paragraph – Summarizes the main points of the paper Heading: Abstract – centered Click on example: http://www.vanguard.edu/uploadedFiles/psychology/abstract.pdf

  7. Body • Pagination: Body of paper starts on page 3 • Title: Centered on page 3 – below running head • Introduction: Also on page 3 – below Title (Introduction is not labeled) • Headings/Subheadings– Organize sections within paper

  8. Empirical Paper Main Headings: Methods Results Discussion References Sub Headings: Participants, Apparatus, and Procedure (under) Methods Click on example: http://www.vanguard.edu/uploadedFiles/psychology/headings.pdf Non-Empirical Paper Main Headings: Specific headings based on material within sections of body of paper Sub Headings: May or may not be used (ask instructor) Headings and Subheadings

  9. Citations • Information from all sources must be cited in paper • Citations in body must include the author(s) name(s), and year of publication, and page number or paragraph number if it is a direct quote

  10. Citations(APA Publication Manual, 2009, 6.11-6.15)

  11. Quotations • Quotations with less than 40 words – use quotation marks, author(s) last name, year of publication, and page number • Example: “Children tend to imitate the food choices of people they admire, both adults and peers” (Berk, 2007, p. 220).

  12. Quotations cont. • Quotations with more than 40 words – no quotation marks, block format, each line indented 5 spaces, author(s) last name, year of publication Example: • Though they eat less, preschoolers require a high- quality diet, including the same foods adults need, but in smaller amounts. Fats, oils, and salt should be kept to a minimum because their link to high blood pressure and heart disease in adulthood (Berk, 2007, p. 220).

  13. Paraphrase • Paraphrase – a summary of information from a source – cite using author(s) last name(s), and year of publication • Example: Children choose the same foods they see their parents and friends eating (Berk, 2007).

  14. Reference Page • Pagination: Starts on new page • References alphabetized by first author’s last name • Heading: References (centered) • Hanging indent on each new reference • Each reference must contain the author(s) name(s), date of publication, title of work, and publication information (title of publication is italicized) • Click on example: http://www.vanguard.edu/uploadedFiles/Psychology/references.pdf

  15. Appendix • Used to include detailed information from the text, which is too distracting to include in the actual body of the text (ie. List of words, questionnaire used in research, details about apparatus used.) • If more than one appendix, each begins on a new page.

  16. Tables • Pagination: Starts on new page • Heading: Tables (centered) • Tables used to organize data • Not always required – ask instructor

  17. Figures • Pagination: Starts on new page • Heading: Graphs (Centered) • Used to support information in text (ie. Photograph, illustration, graph) • Not always required – ask instructor

  18. APA 6th Edition Sample Paper Exercise Read the following directions, then click on the link below to start the exercise! 1) Identify at least 2 different formatting and/or structure rules on each page of the paper in the link, which are consistent with APA 6th Edition. 2) Write them down on a piece of paper. 3) Discuss findings with the facilitator. Click on link below to begin the exercise! http://www.vanguard.edu/uploadedfiles/Psychology/proposal.pdf. 

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