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Explore key lessons from the 2008 financial crisis including the impact of excess returns, leverage, size, stress-tests, payment systems, OTC markets, network mapping, and the need for bank profitability.
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8 Lessons from the Crisis Andrew Haldane Bank of England May 2009
8 Lessons • Finance is not a Golden Goose…
Cumulative ‘Excess’ Returns to Finance Excess Returns to Finance UK Equity Market Annual Returns
8 Lessons • Finance is not a Golden Goose… • …unless it is geared
Leverage and Returns on Equity Contributions to Year-on-year UK Financial Equity Returns Profits and Leverage for Global Banks – End 2007
8 Lessons • Finance is not a Golden Goose… • …unless it is geared • Size matters
Size and Leverage Global Banks’ Size and Leverage ratios (a) Capital Injections vs. Balance Sheet Size as at End 07
8 Lessons • Finance is not a Golden Goose… • …unless it is geared • Size matters • Banks cannot “pass” a stress-test
Changing Distribution of Risk Probability Density for UK GDP Growth Probability Density for UK Unemployment
8 Lessons • Finance is not a Golden Goose… • …unless it is geared • Size matters • Banks cannot “pass” a stress-test • Payment/settlement systems worked …
Values in Payment/Settlement Systems Daily Volumes and Values Settled in CLS Activity in UK Settlement System (CREST)
8 Lessons • Finance is not a Golden Goose… • …unless it is geared • Size matters • Banks cannot “pass” a stress-test • Payment/settlement systems worked … • …but some OTC markets did not
CDS Uncertainty and Central Counterparties CDS Premia and Network Uncertainty – Pre Crisis CDS Premia and Network Uncertainty – Post Crisis
8 Lessons • Finance is not a Golden Goose… • …unless it is geared • Size matters • Banks cannot “pass” a stress-test • Payment/settlement systems worked … • …but some OTC markets did not • Poor eyesight generates blind panic
8 Lessons • Finance is not a Golden Goose… • …unless it is geared • Size matters • Banks cannot “pass” a stress-test • Payment/settlement system worked … • …but some OTC markets did not • Poor eyesight generates blind panic • Banks need to earn profits
Profitability of Banks LCFI’s Return on Common Equity LCFI’s Equity Prices
Returns to Financial Sectors Cumulative Total Returns Pairwise correlation of cumulative returns
Gross Capital Flows UK gross cross-border capital flows Gross capital inflows