The World of Jim Crow

1. The World of Jim Crow Angela Brown Chapter 7 Section 3

2. http://orpheus.ucsd.edu/speccoll/dspolitic/pm/1942/21012cs.jpghttp://orpheus.ucsd.edu/speccoll/dspolitic/pm/1942/21012cs.jpg Voting Restrictions • Concerned African Americans would gain too much political power by voting • Began to require voters to own property and pay a poll tax or special fee • Pass literacy tests – reading tests in which much more difficult passages were given to blacks than whites. • Grandfather clause– passage of legislation that exempts a group of people from obeying a law provided they met certain conditions before the law was passed.

3. http://www.cnn.com/US/9512/bus_boycott/parks_on_bus.jpg Segregation • System of legal segregation called Jim Crow after a minstrel song-and-dance routine • 1st railroad segregated passengers in Mass. in 1830s • Dominated all aspects of life in 1900s • Separation in schools, parks, public buildings, hospitals and transportation systems, water fountains, restrooms, theaters – African American facilities were inferior

4. Plessy v Ferguson • Supreme Court upheld the Jim Crow laws • 1883 overturned Civil Rights Act of 1875 – guaranteed African Americans rights in public places • 14th Amendment – could not prevent private organizations from discriminating • “Separate – but – equal” case http://www.tolerance.org/images/teach/activities/ tt_mitytimes_home_150x200_B.jpg

5. http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.kawvalley.k12.ks.us/brown_v_board/imaghttp://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.kawvalley.k12.ks.us/brown_v_board/imag es/brown_family.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.kawvalley.k12.ks.us/brown_v_board/plessy_v_ferguson .htm&h=229&w=179&sz=15&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=wLU9ieEtuVSmRM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=84&p rev=/images%3Fq%3Dplessy%2Bvs%2Bferguson%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2005-11,GGLD:en • Plessy argued equal protection laws violated in Louisiana by segregating public railroads. • Court stated 14th Amendment “not intended to give Negroes Social Equality but only political and Civil Equality – facilities were rarely equal.

6. Violence • Lynching – a mob’s illegal seizure and execution of a person • 1882-1892 estimated 1200 blacks lynched • Sometimes included mock trial, torture, mutilation before hanging and being riddled with bullets. http://members.aol.com/lupinaccim/lynching.jpg

7. http://www.bendib.com/black/6-16-Lynching-apology.jpg Conditions in the North Decline • African Americans moved North to escape legal segregation. • Found de facto segregation • White feared racial equality – race riots in 1900 NY City and Springfield • Militia gained control of mob after two days.

8. NAACP • National Conference on “Negro Question” organized by Mary White Ovington 1909 • Niagara Movement leaders attended (Du Bois) • Marked the founding of the NAACP – National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) • 1914 NAACP had 50 branches – 6000 members

9. Magazine edited by DuBois - Crisis - 30,000 readers • 1915 victory – Supreme Court held grandfather clause on voting rights unconstitutional

10. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.africawithin.com/bios/cj_walker.jpg&imgrefurl=http:http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.africawithin.com/bios/cj_walker.jpg&imgrefurl=http: //www.africawithin.com/bios/cj_walker.htm&h=370&w=224&sz=16&tbnid=9PyQ-U5-MCUZXM:&tbnh=122& tbnw=74&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmadam%2Bcj%2Bwalker&start=3&sa=X&oi=images&ct=image&cd=3 African American Achievement • National Urban League, 1911, improved job opportunities and housing for blacks • National Negro Business League 1900 320 branches by 1907 • 1912 Madam C.J. Walkerspoke to National Negro Business League • (Example of African American Achievement) • She was the first African American woman to be a self-made millionaire.