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The World of Jim Crow

The World of Jim Crow. America at the beginning of the 20 th Century. Background. In existence from the 1880s to 1960s In every state of the former Confederacy, a system of legalized segregation and disfranchisement was fully in place by 1910.

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The World of Jim Crow

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  1. The World of Jim Crow America at the beginning of the 20th Century

  2. Background • In existence from the 1880s to 1960s • In every state of the former Confederacy, a system of legalized segregation and disfranchisement was fully in place by 1910. • This system of white supremacy cut across class boundaries and re-enforced a cult of "whiteness" that predated the Civil War. • Most vigorous in Southern states, but existed in some form throughout the country.

  3. Voting Restrictions

  4. Goal: Ensure that African Americans would not gain political power in the south. • Poll Tax – special fee required in order to vote, many African Americans could not afford the fee. • Literacy Tests – tests standards of knowledge geared against African Americans. • Grandfather Laws – done to exempt certain groups from a law. • If your grandfather could vote, so could you.

  5. Segregation and jim crow

  6. First coined in 1830 Minstrel performer Thomas “Daddy” Rice danced and sang a song titled “Jump Jim Crow.” 1850s “Jim Crow" is finds a home in minstrel shows. The term will encompass racism, segregation, and hatred toward African Americans Origin of the term

  7. Plessy vs. Ferguson • 1883 – US Supreme Court overturns the Civil Rights Act of 1875. (African American rights in public places) • 1896 – Plessy vs. Ferguson • US Supreme court upholds segregation as long as facilities are “Separate but equal.”

  8. Sample Laws • It shall be unlawful to conduct a restaurant or other place for the serving of food in the city, at which white and colored people are served in the same room. Alabama

  9. Pop Culture and Jim Crow

  10. Northern de facto segregation • De facto segregation is segregation in fact not law. • Great migration of African Americans to the north facilitate reactions from northern whites • New York Race Riots 1900 • Springfield Riots of 1908

  11. Lynching • Segregation and disfranchisement laws were often supported by lynchings • Indeed, from 1889 to 1930, over 3,700 men and women were reported lynched in the United States. • Most often cited reason rape or attempted rape.

  12. African American achievements

  13. Organization • National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) – founded 1909 • Interracial organization worked primarily through the court system • 1915 – success in overturning grandfather clauses • National Urban League – 1911 • Assist in the transition to northern cities – housing and jobs • National Negro Business League – 1907 • Founded by Booker T. Washington • Assist African American business owners

  14. Madam C.J.Walker • First female millionaire in the United States. • Moves to Harlem around 1916

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