Cardiology and Technology

1. Cardiology and Technology Leah Ward Jessica Ostroska Mary Elizabeth Parkins Kayce Massa

2. How Does Cardiology Affect You? • Cardiology is the medical study of the structure, function, and disorders of the heart • Heart disease is a major problem in the United States and around the world—1 out of every 4 deaths results from heart disease. • Heart disease, or more correctly “coronary” heart disease, is a term referring to several disorders that result from inadequate blood circulation to the heart.

3. Heart Disease and Technology • In this presentation we will discuss the following health concerns, and how medical and technological advancements have helped create a less stressful environment for medical professionals: • 1) Pace makers • 2) Heart attacks • 3) Blood pressure and diagnostic machines

4. What Are Pacemakers? • A pacemaker is an artificial electronic device that is implanted in the chest to regulate the heart’s rhythm. They are used to correct an abnormally slow heartbeat by sending electrical impulses to one or more chambers of the heart. These signals make the heart contract in a more regular rhythm than the chamber would otherwise. • Pacemakers are needed mostly after there has been deterioration in the heart (mostly with the elders), and sometimes because of coronary artery disease or scarring after a heart attack.

5. What Is A Pacemaker Made Up Of? • The pacemaker has two parts: • a battery-powered generator- The generator is about the size of a silver dollar and is implanted just beneath the skin below the collarbone. This generator can last from about 7 to 10 years. • wires that connect it to the heart- These wires are threaded into position through veins leading back to the heart.

6. The Machine • The most common pacemaker device is called a demand pacemaker. It monitors the heart's activity and takes control only when the heart rate falls below a programmed minimum -- usually 60 beats per minute. • There is also a more high-tech pacemaker which monitors the number of physical changes in the body, such as increases and decreases in physical activities, and if the body does not respond, these rate-responsive pacemakers will slowly raise or lower the heartbeat to the appropriate level (from 60 to maybe 150 beats per minute)

7. Vitatron C-Series • The Vitatron C-series pacemaker is the world’s first pacemakers to be based on a fully digital technology platform. The new technology opens a way in which physicians can adjust data settings from implanted pacemakers almost instantaneously. • The Vitatron C-series devices are designed to help physicians quickly and easily achieve an optimal pacing pattern for each patient. • Vitatron devices store and classify data on every heartbeat, intervening with pacing impulses only when the intrinsic heart rate is too fast or too slow.

8. Vitatron C-Series Continued… • This new pacemaker features Digital Signal Processing, which converts analog data into digital data for more precise data collection and faster data processing. • Using an external programmer during patient follow-up sessions, physicians can download extensive pacemaker diagnostic data from C-Series devices in less than 18 seconds. • After evaluating stored diagnostic information, the proprietary Therapy Advisor feature automatically points out areas for suggested physician review and offers programming recommendations to the physician.

9. Other types of pacemakers: • A biventricular pacemaker- works both the right and left side of the heart to keep the ventricles pumping simultaneously. This type of pacemaker is used mostly with patients who have heart failure. • There are also Electronic Pacemakers, Artificial Pacemakers, Cardiac Pacings, Temporary Pacemakers, External Pacemakers, Permanent Pacemakers, Internal Pacemakers, and Epicardial Implantations.

10. Heart Attacks

11. What is a Heart Attack? • A heart attack, or myocardial infarction (MI), is permanent damage to the heart muscle: • "Myo" means muscle • “Cardial" refers to the heart • “Infarction" means death of tissue due to lack of blood supply.

12. Symptoms of a Heart Attack: • Discomfort, pressure, heaviness, or pain in the chest, arm or below the breastbone • Discomfort radiating to the back, jaw, throat or arm • Fullness, indigestion or choking feeling (may feel like heartburn) • Sweating, nausea, vomiting or dizziness • Extreme weakness, anxiety or shortness of breath • Rapid or irregular heartbeats

13. What Happens During a Heart Attack? • The heart muscle requires a constant supply of oxygen-rich blood to nourish it. The coronary arteries provide the heart with this critical blood supply. • Fatty matter, calcium, proteins and inflammatory cells build up within the arteries to form plaques of different sizes. The plaque deposits are hard on the outside and soft and mushy on the inside. When the plaque's hard, outer shell cracks, platelets come to the area, and form blood clots around the plaque. • If a blood clot totally blocks the artery, the heart muscle is starved for oxygen and within a short time the heart muscle cells die causing severe damage.

14. How a Heart Attack is Diagnosed using technology: • The ECG also known as EKG or electrocardiogram, tells how much damage has happened to your heart muscle and where it has happened. It also can monitor your heart rate and rhythm. • Echocardiography is an imaging test that can be used during and after a heart attack to learn how the heart is pumping blood and what areas are not pumping blood normally. The "echo" can also tell if any parts of the heart have been injured during the heart attack. • Cardiac catheterization, also called cardiac cath, may be used during the first hours of a heart attack if meds. are not relieving the symptoms. It can be used to directly visualize the blocked artery and help your doctor determine which procedure is needed to treat the blockage.

15. How a Heart Attack is treated: • Once a heart attack is diagnosed, treatment begins immediately, whether in the ambulance or emergency room. Medications and surgical procedures are used to treat a heart attack. • Medications used: • Aspirin, which thins the blood, helps to prevent blood clotting that may worsen the heart attack; • Anti-platelets, which help to prevent blood clotting • Thrombolytic therapy, which are called clot busters, help to dissolve any blood clots that are present in the heart's arteries or any combination of the above. • During or shortly after a heart attack, you may go to the cardiac catheterization laboratory for evaluation of your heart, arteries and the amount of heart damage. • If necessary bypass surgery will be used to restore the heart muscle's blood supply.

16. Facts: • More than 1 million Americans have heart attacks every year. • Both men and women are affected by heart attacks. • Symptoms of a heart attack for men aren’t always the same as for women because in women the symptoms seem to be less “typical” than those for men; so women are encouraged to learn everything they can about preventing heart attacks. • Since 1984, more women have died each year from cardiovascular disease than men overall. • An estimated 500,000 women die each year from cardiovascular disease in the United States alone. • .Cardiovascular disease claims more female lives than breast cancer, accidents and diabetes combined. • Worldwide, heart disease is the number one killer of women in developed countries.

17. Blood Pressure

18. Blood Pressure • When you have your blood pressure taken, your health care provider is measuring the pressure, or tension, that blood exerts on the walls of the blood vessels as it travels around the body • Blood pressure is an important aspect to your overall health and millions of Americans take drugs daily to keep it in a healthy range • A typical normal blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg, or "120 over 80." • The first number represents the pressure when the heart contracts. • The second number represents the pressure when the heart relaxes.

19. What is High Blood Pressure? • Blood pressure greater than 140/90 mm Hg is considered high • Many devices can be used to monitor blood pressure daily to check how blood is circulating throughout the body

20. Blood Pressure Machines • There are a variety of blood pressure monitoring machines, ranging from the old-fashion cuff-and-pump ones to highly sensitive digital Machines

21. The Options… • OMRON Clinical Digital Blood Pressure Machine: • The HEM-907XL is the most recent advance from Omron Healthcare, Inc. • Digital • Non-Invasive • Engineered for accuracy, precision, and clinical effectiveness, • HEM-907XL is mobile, easy-to-use, time-saving, and versatile.

22. CONTINUOUS BLOOD PRESSURE DEVICE: CBPD • Providing continuous beat-to-beat finger arterial blood pressure measurement. • The CBPD is an ambulatory device configured in a waist belt with three pouches • storage of the pump • microprocessor • battery pack

23. THE END!